
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The molecular formula for the given hydrocarbon has to be found.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are the important basis of life. They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc. The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms. All the organic compounds contain the element carbon. Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.
Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements. The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.
Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories. They are saturated hydrocarbons and
Cycloalkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that contain a ring of carbon atoms with or without alkyl substituents on it. The general molecular formula for cycloalkanes is
In a line-angle structural formula of cycloalkanes, the intersection of two lines represent a methylene group (
(a)

Answer to Problem 1.108EP
The molecular formula for the given hydrocarbon is
Explanation of Solution
Given name of cycloalkane is 1,2-dimethylcyclopentane. From the name it is understood that the parent cycloalkane is five carbon cyclic ring which is cyclopentane. The substituents present on the cyclopentane ring are two methyl groups, each at first and second carbon. Therefore, the line-angle structural formula for 1,2-dimethylcyclopentane can be drawn as shown below,
The above structure is a line-angle structural formula representation. This structure has a total of five intersections and two end lines. Therefore, the total number of carbon atoms present in the given structure is found to be seven.
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane can be found using the general molecular formula. General molecular formula for cycloalkane is
The molecular formula for the given hydrocarbon is found to be
The molecular formula for the given hydrocarbon is found as
(b)
Interpretation:
The molecular formula for the given hydrocarbon has to be found.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are the important basis of life. They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc. The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms. All the organic compounds contain the element carbon. Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.
Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements. The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.
Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories. They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Cycloalkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that contain a ring of carbon atoms with or without alkyl substituents on it. The general molecular formula for cycloalkanes is
In a line-angle structural formula of cycloalkanes, the intersection of two lines represent a methylene group (
(b)

Answer to Problem 1.108EP
The molecular formula for the given hydrocarbon is
Explanation of Solution
Given name of cycloalkane is 1,3-dimethylcyclopentane. From the name it is understood that the parent cycloalkane is five carbon cyclic ring which is cyclopentane. The substituent present on the cyclopentane ring are two methyl groups, each at first and third carbon. Therefore, the line-angle structural formula for 1,3-dimethylcyclopentane can be drawn as shown below,
The above structure is a line-angle structural formula representation. This structure has a total of five intersections and two end lines. Therefore, the total number of carbon atoms present in the given structure is found to be seven.
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane can be found using the general molecular formula. General molecular formula for cycloalkane is
The molecular formula for the given hydrocarbon is found to be
The molecular formula for the given hydrocarbon is found as
(c)
Interpretation:
Molecular formula for the given hydrocarbon has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are the important basis of life. They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc. The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms. All the organic compounds contain the element carbon. Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.
Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements. The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.
Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories. They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Molecular formula of the
(c)

Answer to Problem 1.108EP
The molecular formula for the given hydrocarbon is
Explanation of Solution
Given name of alkane is 2,2-dimethylpentane. From the name it is understood that the parent alkane is five carbon chain which is pentane. The substituent present on the hexane are two methyl groups, on the second carbon atom. Therefore, the line-angle structural formula for 2,2-dimethylpentane can be drawn as shown below,
In line-angle structural representation of molecule, carbon atom is present where two lines meet and at the end of the lines. In the above structure there are three points where the lines meet and four end points. Therefore, the total number of carbon atoms present in the given structure is 7.
To determine the molecular formula of alkane, the value of “n” has to be substituted as 7 in the general formula of alkane.
Therefore, the molecular formula of the given hydrocarbon is determined as
The molecular formula of the hydrocarbon was determined as
(d)
Interpretation:
Molecular formula for the given hydrocarbon has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are the important basis of life. They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc. The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms. All the organic compounds contain the element carbon. Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.
Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements. The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.
Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories. They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Molecular formula of the alkanes can be found by using the general formula
(d)

Answer to Problem 1.108EP
The molecular formula for the given hydrocarbon is
Explanation of Solution
Given name of alkane is 2,3-dimethylpentane. From the name it is understood that the parent alkane is five carbon chain which is pentane. The substituent present on the hexane are two methyl groups, each at second and third carbon. Therefore, the line-angle structural formula for 2,3-dimethylpentane can be drawn as shown below,
In line-angle structural representation of molecule, carbon atom is present where two lines meet and at the end of the lines. In the above structure there are three points where the lines meet and four end points. Therefore, the total number of carbon atoms present in the given structure is 7.
To determine the molecular formula of alkane, the value of “n” has to be substituted as 7 in the general formula of alkane.
Therefore, the molecular formula of the given hydrocarbon is determined as
The molecular formula of the given hydrocarbon was determined as
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
- At 300 K, in the decomposition reaction of a reactant R into products, several measurements of the concentration of R over time have been made (see table). Without using graphs, calculate the order of the reaction. t/s [R]/(mol L-1) 0 0,5 171 0,16 720 0,05 1400 0,027arrow_forwardPredict the organic products that form in the reaction below, and draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic products. Please include all steps & drawings & explanations.arrow_forwardWhat are the missing reagents for the spots labeled 1 and 3? Please give a detailed explanation and include the drawings and show how the synthesis proceeds with the reagents.arrow_forward
- What are the products of the following acetal hydrolysis? Please draw a skeletal line structure and include a detailed explanation and drawing of how the mechanism proceeds. Please include any relevant information that is needed to understand the process of acetal hydrolysis.arrow_forwardWhat would happen if you added the HCI to the Grignard reagent before adding benzophenone? Draw a reaction mechanism to support your answer.arrow_forwardAt 300 K, in the decomposition reaction of a reactant R into products, several measurements of the concentration of R over time have been made (see table). Calculate the order of the reaction. t/s [R]/ (mol L-1) 0 0,5 171 0,16 720 0,05 1400 0,027arrow_forward
- Write the correct IUPAC names of the molecules in the picturearrow_forwardHow many grams of solid NaCN have to be added to 1.5L of water to dissolve 0.18 mol of Fe(OH)3 in the form Fe(CN)63 - ? ( For simplicity, ignore the reaction of CN - ion with water) Ksp for Fe(OH)3 is 2.8E -39, and Kform for Fe(CN)63 - is 1.0E31arrow_forwardDraw the most stable chair conformation of 1-ethyl-1-methylcyclohexane, clearly showing the axial and equatorial substituents. [4] Draw structures corresponding to the following IUPAC name for each of the following compounds; [5] i) 4-Isopropyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane ii) trans-1-tert-butyl-4-ethylcyclohexane iii) Cyclobutylcycloheptane iv) cis-1,4-di-isopropylcyclohexane (chair conformation) v) 3-Ethyl-5-isobutylnonanearrow_forward
- Draw and name molecules that meet the following descriptions; [4] a) An organic molecule containing 2 sp2 hybridised carbon and 1 sp-hybridised carbon atom. b) A cycloalkene, C7H12, with a tetrasubstituted double bond. Also answer question 2 from the imagearrow_forwardH 14. Draw the line angle form of the following molecule make sure you use the proper notation to indicate spatial positioning of atoms. F F H 15. Convert the following condensed form to line angle form: (CH3)3CCH2COCH2CON(CH2CH3)2arrow_forwardIn a reaction between two reactants A and B, the half-life is the same for both only if(A) the stoichiometry A:B is 1:1.(B) the stoichiometry A:B is 1:2 or 2:1.arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
- World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co



