You are studying the effect of directional selection on body height in threepopulations (graphs a, b, and c below).(a) What is the selection differential? Show your calculation. (2 pts)(b) Which population has the highest narrow sense heritability for height?Explain your answer. (2 pts)(c) If you examined the offspring in the next generation in each population,which population would have the highest mean height? Why? (2 pts)(a)Midoffspring height (average height of offspring)ShortShortShortShort(c)Short(b)ShortTallShortTallShortShortTallMidparent height(average height ofMean of population = 65 inchesMean of breading parents = 70 inchesMean of population = 65 inchesMean of breading parents = 70 inchesMean of population = 65 inchesMean of breading parents = 70 inches

Detailed explanation:(a) What is the selection differential? Show your calculation.The selection…

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Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter19: Population Genetics And Human Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8QP: How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in Populations? In a population where the females have the...

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How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in Populations? Drawing on your newly acquired understanding of the HardyWeinberg equilibrium law, point out why the following statement is erroneous: Because most of the people in Sweden have blond hair and blue eyes, the genes for blond hair and blue eyes must be dominant in that population.
How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in Populations? The MN blood group is a single-gene, two-allele system in which each allele is codominant. Why are such codominant alleles ideal for studies of allele frequencies in a population?
How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in Populations? What are four assumptions of the HardyWeinberg law?
Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics Suppose you are monitoring the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the MN blood group locus (see Question 2 for a description of the MN blood group) in a small human population. You find that for 1-year-old children, the genotypic frequencies are MM = 0.25, MN = 0.5, and NN = 0.25, whereas the genotypic frequencies for adults are MM = 0.3, MN = 0.4, and NN = 0.3. a. Compute the M and N allele frequencies for 1-year-olds and adults. b. Are the allele frequencies in equilibrium in this population? c. Are the genotypic frequencies in equilibrium?
Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics In a given population, the frequencies of the four phenotypic classes of the ABO blood groups are found to be A = 0.33, B = 0.33, AB = 0.18, and i = 0.16. What is the frequency of the i allele?
Half of the worlds population eats rice at least twice a day. Much of this rice is grown in flooded conditions, and different strains of rice are tolerant (survive) or intolerant (die) under these conditions. Rice breeders used genetic crosses to test whether tolerance to flooding is a dominant trait. Researchers used three true-breeding flood-tolerant strains, FR143, BKNFR, and Kurk, and two true-breeding flood- intolerant strains, IR42 and NB, in the crosses. Results were obtained from three sets of crosses and are reported in the Table below: Results of cross of F1 to tolerant parent: F1 plants were crossed with the tolerant parent of the cross. Number of Plants Progeny Analyzed from Intolerant Tolerant Cross Alive Dead Total 1. F2 results of cross: IR42 FR13A 187 77 264 IR42 BKNFR 192 73 265 NB Kurk 142 52 195 2. Results of cross of F1 to intolerant parent: (F1 of IR42 FR13A) IR42 14 17 31 (F1 of IR42 BKNFR) IR42 15 10 25 (F1 of NB Kurk) NB 21 35 56 3. Results of cross of F1 to tolerant parent: (F1 of IR42 FR13A) FR13A 31 0 31 (F1 of IR42 BKNFR) BKNFR 28 0 28 (F1 of NB Kurk) Kurk 40 0 40 Do the data support the hypothesis that the tolerance trait is dominant? Justify your conclusion by explaining the results from each of the three sets of crosses in terms of genotypes and phenotypic ratios. Source: T. Setter et al. 1997. Physiology and genetics of submergence tolerance in rice. Annals of Botany 79:6777.
For centuries, animal breeders have used artificial selection to increase the speed of racehorses. The results of such efforts are illustrated in a graph that identifies how quickly winning horses ran the 1-mile track at the Kentucky Derby, a famous race held annually at Churchill Downs, Kentucky. (The time it takes a horse to run a track of fixed length is inversely proportional to the horses speed.) Based on the data in the graph, has artificial selection increased the speed of horses consistently between 1900 and 2000? Do you think that artificial selection can increase the speed of racehorses in the future?
If there is no genetic variation within a population for a given trait, what is the heritability for the trait in the population?
The MN blood group is of interest to population geneticists because (a) people with genotype MN cannot receive blood transfusions from either MM or NN people (b) the MM, MN, and NN genotype frequencies can be observed directly and compared with calculated expected frequencies (c) the M allele is dominant to the N allele (d) people with the MN genotype exhibit frequency-dependent selection (e) people with the MN genotype exhibit heterozygote advantage
INTERPRET DATA In a population at genetic equilibrium, the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (tt) is 0.16. What are the allele frequencies of T and t, and what are the expected frequencies of the TT and Tt genotypes?
How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in Populations? Explain the connection between changes in population allele frequencies and evolution, and relate this to the observations made by Wallace and Darwin concerning natural selection.
David Hills of Baylor University noted that three closely related species of leopard frog (genus Rana) exhibit substantialbut not completepostzygotic reproductive isolation when crossed in the laboratory. Field surveys of numerous populations in Texas and surrounding states revealed that populations of the three species breed at various times during the year. Data on the breeding schedule of both allopatric and sympatric populations of these species are presented in the Figure below. Interpret the data in the figure and explain how they may demonstrate that these frogs experience prezygotic reproductive isolation in nature. What type of prezygotic reproductive isolation do the data suggest? Source: D.M. Hillis. 1981. Premating isolating mechanisms among three species of the Rana pipiens complex in Texas and southern Oklahoma. Copeia 1981:312-319.

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