Which of the following is an example of gene replacement?O Sheep that express the human insulin gene in mammary cellsA human cell line in which both chromosomal copies of the FGFR gene were exchanged with mutant versions ofthe gene using homologous recombinationO Genetically modified plants that express a bacterial enzyme that confers resistance to fungal infections● All choices given are examples of gene replacement.IncorrectNot all examples are gene replacement.XX

Gene replacement is a molecular technique used to modify an organism's genome by replacing a specific gene with an alternate gene. The process involves manipulating the genetic material to introduce desired changes to the organism's traits or functions. The process is also known as gene targeting or gene editing. This technique is used in research and biotechnology to study gene function and develop genetically modified organisms.Answer: Statement First and Second.Sheep that express the human insulin gene in mammary cells: The sheep genome is replaced with the human insulin gene. As a result, the sheep's mammary cells produce and secrete human insulin in their milk. The gene for producing human insulin is extracted from human DNA and then modified and replaced with the correct genetic codes for insulin in sheep. The replaced gene is then inserted into the sheep's mammary cells. Therefore, the given statement is an example of gene replacement.A human cell line in which both chromosomal copies of the FGFR gene were replaced with a mutant version of the gene using homologous recombination: The gene replacement involves homologous recombination to replace the original gene. The FGFR gene is replaced with the mutant gene, i.e., the mutant genes are modified genes with specific mutations. These genes have identical regions to those of the original gene that is replaced through the process of homologous recombination in human cell lines. In the human cell lines, the mutated genes carrying new information replaced the original genes for the synthesis of mutant proteins. Therefore, the given statement is an example of gene replacement.Genetically modified plants that express a bacterial enzyme that confers resistance to fungal infections:This option is incorrect because gene replacement involves the replacement of a gene with an alternate gene; it does not insert the gene. The bacterial gene is inserted into the plant's genome to provide it with the ability to produce the enzyme and confer resistance to fungal infectionsAll choices given are examples of gene replacement:This statement is incorrect because the third statement is an example of gene therapy, not gene replacement. The statements, Sheep that express the human insulin gene in mammary cells,, Sheep that express the human insulin gene in mammary cells, and A human cell line in which both chromosomal copies of the FGFR gene were replaced with a mutant version of the gene using homologous recombination are examples of gene replacement.