What is a promoter?A protein that binds the DNA in a gene and activates the transcription from that gene .A region of DNA, upstream of an ORF, in which the DNA sequence helps determine when and how much thegene is transcribed.A region of RNA on a transcript, upstream of an ORF, in which the RNA sequence determines when and howmuch the gene is translated.A region of RNA on a transcript, upstream of an ORF, in which the RNA sequence determines when and howmuch the gene is transcribed. Both a repressor and an activator are in control of the lac operon, this ensures that lacz and lacY areonly transcribed when glucose levels are low and lactose levels are high. If the lacl gene were deletedfrom E. coli, how would that affect transcription of lacZY in media that has neither glucose nor lactose?Transcription of lacZY would be completely blocked.Transcription of lacZY would be unaffected.Transcription of lacZY would be increased compared to the wild-type.Transcription of lacZY would be decreased compared to the wild-type.

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a genetic material.

Answered: What is a promoter? A protein that…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Imagine that you are studying the promoters of genes in E. coli. You notice that genes that are expressed in different conditions have different -10 and -35 sequences in their promoters. The genes expressed in condition B have -35 sequences of TTGACA, and -10 sequences of TATAAT. The genes expressed in condition C have -35 sequences of CTGGTA, and -10 sequences of TTGCA. What regulatory system is allowing these genes to be expressed in different conditions? The Catabolic Activator Protein, CAP. When CAMP is present, CAP binds the -10 and -35 sequences in the promoters of the genes expressed in condition B, and when CAMP is not present, CAP binds and activates transcription of the genes expressed in condition C. LysR regulators - a LysR regulator binds and activates transcription of certain genes in condition B, and, when a co-inducer is present, in activates transcription of other genes in condition C. Lacl binds to the -10 and -35 sequences, and it has a different binding affinity for…
In the lac operon (below), how will expression of the genes lacZ and lacy be effect by a mutation in the repressor protein (encoded by lach) that prevents it from binding the operator sequence (lacO) in the absence of lactose? Explain the answer
Match the nutrient environment with the status of the transcription factors that regulate the lac operon in E. coli. Lacl bound to lactose and CAP is bound V[Choose ] Low lactose, low glucose High lactose, high glucose High lactose, low glucose Low lactose, high glucose CAMP and the CAP-O Lacl bound to the LacO and CAP bound CAMP and the CAP-O Lacl bound to lactose and CAP unbound [ Choose ] by CAMP, not on the CAP-O Lacl bound to the LacO and CAP unbound [ Choose ] by CAMP, not on the CAP-O
Given the Table below concerning the lac operon, match the letter with what would be occurring for each scenario. Repressor is bound to the operator, cAMP complex is bound and transcription is prevented. Allolactose is bound to the repressor, cAMP complex is bound, and transcription is prevalent. Allolactose is bound to the repressor, cAMP complex is not assembled, and transcription is slow Repressor is bound to the operator, cAMP complex is not assembled, and transcription is prevented.
Consider a mutant of E. coli that has an inactivating mutation in the gene for adenylate cyclase (cya). Choose the compound(s) that could be provided to the mutant to achieve full transcription of the lac operon. If no combination of compounds can allow for transcription, chose none. O ATP O CAMP O glucose O lactose none
For some time it was not clear whether lac repressor inhibits lac operon transcription by inhibiting the binding of RNA polymerase to its pro- moter or by allowing transcription initiation but blocking elongation past the site of bound repressor. How might you distinguish between these possibilities?
Suppose that you have isolated a mutant strain of E. coli inwhich the lac operon is constitutively expressed. To understandthe nature of this defect, you create a merozygote in which themutant strain contains an F′ factor with a normal lac operonand a normal lacI gene. You then compare the mutant strain andthe merozygote with regard to their β-galactosidase activities inthe presence and absence of lactose. You obtain the followingresults:
What experimental results would indicate that the mutation lacISlacIS is dominant to lacI+lacI+? In lacISlacIS/lacI+lacI+ partial diploids, the lac operon is in a repressed state in the absence of lactose. In lacISlacIS/lacI+lacI+ partial diploids, the lac operon is in a constitutive state in the absence of the repressor. In lacISlacIS/lacI+lacI+ partial diploids, the lac operon is in an activated state in the presence of lactose. In lacISlacIS/lacI+lacI+ partial diploids, the lac operon is in a repressed state in the absence of the repressor. In lacISlacIS/lacI+lacI+ partial diploids, the lac operon is in a repressed state in the presence of lactose.
Bacterial DNA containing an operon encoding three enzymes is introduced into chromosomal DNA in yeast (a eukaryote) in such a way that it is properly flanked by a promoter and a transcriptional terminator. The bacterial DNA is transcribed and the RNA correctly processed, but only the protein nearest the promoter is produced. Can you suggest why?
In the galactose operon of E. coli, a repressor, encoded by the galR gene, binds to an operator site,galo, to regulate the expression of three structuralgenes, galE, galT, and galK. Expression is inducedby the presence of galactose in the media. For eachof the strains listed, would the cell show constitutive, inducible, or no expression of each of the structural genes? (Assume that galR− is a loss-of-functionmutation.)a. galR−galo+galE+galT+galK+b. galR+galocgalE+galT+galK+ c. galR−galo+galE+galT+galK−/galR+galo+galE−galT+galK+d. galR−galocgalE+galT+galK−/galR+galo+galE−galT+galK+
Suppose that a new mutation lacIes, ('es' stands for ‘extra-strength’) has been discovered in the lac operon that allows the lac-repressor to bind even to the lacOc operator. Other properties of lacIes repressor remain normal (that is the same as of lacI+). Given this genotype Is P+ Oc Z+ Y- / Ies P+ O+ Z+ Y+ , under which conditions will the gene lacZ be transcribed to produce β-galactosidase and the gene lacY transcribed to produce permease? A) With lactose, β-galactosidase and permease are produced, without lactose they are not produced B) With lactose, β-galactosidase is produced, without lactose it is not; permease is never produced C) β-galactosidase is always produced and permease is never produced D) With lactose, β-galactosidase and permease are produced, without lactose they are also produced E) β-galactosidase is always produced and permease is produced only in the presence of lactose
Mutations in bacterial promoters may increase or decrease therate of gene transcription. Promoter mutations that increasetranscription are termed up-promoter mutations, and those thatdecrease transcription are termed down-promoter mutations.The sequence of the −10 site of the promoter for the lac operonis TATGTT (see Figure 14.5). Would you expect each of thefollowing mutations to be an up-promoter or down-promotermutation?A. TATGTT to TATATTB. TATGTT to TTTGTTC. TATGTT to TATGAT

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