Use the image to answer the question.AMP-PNP is a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog that cannot be metabolized by cells. Taurocholate is a bile acid that helps emulsify fats. When taurocholate is added to hepatocyte cell culture, it accumulates in those cells. The graph below shows the rate of cellular accumulation of the drug taurocholate in the presence of either no ATP, ATP, or AMP-PNP. Based on this data, describe the mechanism by which taurocholate enters the cell. Justify your answer. The bar graph illustrates the rate of a biochemical reaction measured in picomoles per milligram per minute (pmol/mg/min) under three different conditions: no ATP, ATP, and AMP-PNP.1. **No ATP**: The reaction rate is approximately 2 pmol/mg/min.2. **ATP**: The reaction rate significantly increases to about 37 pmol/mg/min.3. **AMP-PNP**: The reaction rate returns to around 2 pmol/mg/min, similar to the no ATP condition.**Explanation**: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) greatly stimulates the reaction rate, indicating its crucial role as an energy source or cofactor in the reaction. In contrast, AMP-PNP, a non-hydrolyzable analog of ATP, does not facilitate the reaction, highlighting the importance of ATP hydrolysis in the process.

Bile is supersaturated with respect to cholesterol and is solubilized by bile salts the soluble end…

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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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AMP-PNP is a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog that cannot be metabolized by cells. Taurocholate is a bile acid that helps emulsify fats. When taurocholate is added to hepatocyte cell culture, it accumulates in those cells. The graph below shows the rate of cellular accumulation of the drug taurocholate in the presence of either no ATP, ATP, or AMP-PNP. Based on this data, describe the mechanism by which taurocholate enters the cell. Justify your answer.

The bar graph illustrates the rate of a biochemical reaction measured in picomoles per milligram per minute (pmol/mg/min) under three different conditions: no ATP, ATP, and AMP-PNP.

1. **No ATP**: The reaction rate is approximately 2 pmol/mg/min.
2. **ATP**: The reaction rate significantly increases to about 37 pmol/mg/min.
3. **AMP-PNP**: The reaction rate returns to around 2 pmol/mg/min, similar to the no ATP condition.

**Explanation**: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) greatly stimulates the reaction rate, indicating its crucial role as an energy source or cofactor in the reaction. In contrast, AMP-PNP, a non-hydrolyzable analog of ATP, does not facilitate the reaction, highlighting the importance of ATP hydrolysis in the process.

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