The concentration of glucose in your circulatory system is maintainednear 5.0 mM by the actions of the pancreatic hormones glucagon andinsulin. Glucose is imported into cells by protein transporters that arehighly specific for binding glucose. Inside the liver cells the importedglucose is rapidly phosphorylated to give glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P).This is an ATP-dependent process that consumes 1 mol ATP per molof glucose. Given the steady-state intracellular concentrations below,calculate the theoretical maximum concentration of G-6-P inside aliver cell at 37 °C, pH = 7.2 when the glucose concentration outsidethe cell (i.e., [glucoseloutside) is 5.0 mM:ATP =4.7 mM; ADP = 0.15 mM; P, = 6.1 mMFor: ATP + H,O ADP + P + H* AG" = -30.5 kJ/mol andG-6-P + H,0 -→ Glucose + PAG" = -13.8 kJ/molThe glucose phosphorylation reaction isATP + glucosenside» ADP + glucose-6-phosphate + H+

Phosphorylation of glucose is the first step of Glycolysis which is a catabolic pathway of cellular…

Answered: The concentration of glucose in your…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The average cell, at rest, hydrolyzes 10,000, 000 ATP molecules per second. You are studying the stem cell population found in the intestinal Crypts. In the intestine there are s total 5 x 1011 cell number. The stem cells have a 85% higher metabolism than an average resting cell. ATP hydrolysis yield 7.4 kCal/ Mole ATP. (Avogadro’s number is 6.023 x 1023) 1) How many moles of ATP are hydrolyzed per second? A) 15.3 moles/ sec. B) 7.06 x 10-6 moles/ sec. C) 5.4 x 10-2 moles/ sec. D) 25 moles/ sec. E) 225 moles/hour F) none of these
Glucose transporter (GLUT) isoforms move glucose in and out of the cell GLUTS respond to the glucose equilibrium concentrations. Use your knowledge of enzyme catalysis and lonetics to predict which of the following correctly rank the steps in glucose transport by GLUT1? 1. Glucose binding results in a conformational change, opening the binding site on the opposite side of the membrane 11. Glucose binds to the transporter on one side of the membrane II. The transporter reverts to initial conformation IV. The glucose disassociates OA III, IV, III OB. 1,1,1, IV OCIV, II, II, I ODII, IV III OENI, LI
mutations in adenylate kinase have led to a hyperactive enzyme that ultimately ends up elevating adp levels in a cell.calculate Ec given the following atypical adenylate concentrations for the cell containing atp: .o5 mM adp 12.2mM and amp 80micromole
Fatty acid chains after subjected to degradative enzymes in the intestines are hydrolyzed (hydrolysis) into 2 Carbon acetic acid fragments (Each fragment becomes an acetyl Co-A molecule). What stage of cellular respiration will this product of lipolysis enter? How many ATP can one fragment produce in cellular respiration?
Fluoroacetate is used as a poison for rat control. After entering a cell, fluoroacetate is converted to fluoroacetyl-CoA in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme acetate thiokinase: acetate thiokinase FCH₂COO- + COASH + ATP FCH₂CO-SCOA + AMP PP₁ The toxic effect of fiuoroacetate was studied in an experiment using intact isolated rat heart. After the heart was perfused with 0.22 mM fluoroacetate, the measured rate of glucose uptake and glycolysis decreased, and glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate accumulated. Examination of citric acid cycle intermediates revealed that their concentration were below normal, except for citrate, with a concentration 10-fold higher than normal. (i) Where does the block in the citric acid cycle occur? What causes citrate to accumulate and the other cycle intermediates to be depleted? How might the inhibition be overcome? (ii). Fluoroacetyl-CoA is enzymatically transformed in the citric acid cycle. What is the structure of the end product of…
Carbonic anhydrase of erythrocytes (Mr 30,000) has one of the highest turnover numbers known. It catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO₂. H₂O + CO₂ 2 H₂CO3 This is an important process in the transport of CO₂ from the tissues to the lungs. If 5 µg of pure carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the hydration of 0.35 g of CO₂ in 1 min at 37 °C at Vmax, what is the turnover number (kcat) of carbonic anhydrase? Kcat 2.0466 ×107 Incorrect min-1
8
During glycolysis, glucose is converted into fructose-6- phosphate in two successive reactions: glucose + ATP glucose 6-phosphate + ADP glucose 6-phosphate fructose 6-phosphate The AG' for the overall reaction is: +15.0 kJ/mol. -18.4 kJ/mol. -16.7 kJ/mol. → -15.0 kJ/mol. +18.4 kJ/mol. AG¹⁰ = -16.7 kJ/mol AG¹⁰ = +1.7 kJ/mol
Which of the following conditions will produce active glycogen phosphorylase? AMP АТР Phosphorylation of Serine 14 Glucose Glucose-6-Phosphate Phosphorylation of Serine 14 and AMP Phosphorylation of Serine 14 and ATP
In considering active transport by Na + -K + -ATPase at body temperature (37 o C), 3 Na+ are pumped out of the cell and 2 K + are pumped in for each ATP that is hydrolyzed to ADP + P i . Given that underyour experimental conditions, the DG for ATP hydrolysis is -10 kcal/mol, and that V is -60 mV, and that the pump maintains the internal Na + at 10mM, external Na + at 120 mM, internal K + at 120 mM and external K + at 8mM, what is the efficiency of the pump (i.e., what fraction of the energy available from ATP hydrolysis is required to drive transport at the provided levels)?
Also, briefly describe what happens in this scenario to: -Glucose - Glucose - Glycogen - Protein/Amino acids - Triglycerides
The following two reactions are coupled in the last step of glycolysis (catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase). РЕР + Н.О € Руr + Pi ADP + Pi → ATP + H2O AG° = -14.8 kcal/mol AG° = +7.3 kcal/mol D) The steady-state concentrations of ATP, ADP, and pyruvate in human erythrocytes are 2.24 mM, 0.25 mM, and 0.051 mM, respectively. What would be the concentration of PEP in these cells if the coupled reaction was at equilibrium?

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