The first reaction in glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose 6-phosphate: P: + glucose glucose 6-phosphate + H₂O This is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction, with AG=+13.8 kJ/mol. a) In a liver cell at 37°C the concentrations of both phosphate and glucose are normally maintained at about 5 mM each. What is the equilibrium concentration of glucose 6- phosphate, according to the above reaction? b) This very low concentration of glucose 6-phosphate is unfavorable for glycolysis. In fact, the reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP: ATP + H₂O = ADP + P +H AG¹ = -32.2 kJ/mol Write the expression for the overall reaction and calculate AG** c) In addition to the glucose and phosphate concentrations listed in part (a) above, assume that the liver cell concentrations of ATP and ADP are 3 mM and 1 mM, respectively. Calculate the theoretical equilibrium concentration of glucose 6-phosphate at pH = 7.4 and 37 °C.
The first reaction in glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose 6-phosphate: P: + glucose glucose 6-phosphate + H₂O This is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction, with AG=+13.8 kJ/mol. a) In a liver cell at 37°C the concentrations of both phosphate and glucose are normally maintained at about 5 mM each. What is the equilibrium concentration of glucose 6- phosphate, according to the above reaction? b) This very low concentration of glucose 6-phosphate is unfavorable for glycolysis. In fact, the reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP: ATP + H₂O = ADP + P +H AG¹ = -32.2 kJ/mol Write the expression for the overall reaction and calculate AG** c) In addition to the glucose and phosphate concentrations listed in part (a) above, assume that the liver cell concentrations of ATP and ADP are 3 mM and 1 mM, respectively. Calculate the theoretical equilibrium concentration of glucose 6-phosphate at pH = 7.4 and 37 °C.
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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![The first reaction in glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose 6-phosphate:
\[ P_i + \text{glucose} \rightleftharpoons \text{glucose 6-phosphate} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
This is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction, with \(\Delta G^\circ' = +13.8 \, \text{kJ/mol}\).
a) In a liver cell at 37°C, the concentrations of both phosphate and glucose are normally maintained at about 5 mM each. What is the equilibrium concentration of glucose 6-phosphate, according to the above reaction?
b) This very low concentration of glucose 6-phosphate is unfavorable for glycolysis. In fact, the reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP:
\[ \text{ATP} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{ADP} + P_i + \text{H}^+ \quad \Delta G^\circ' = -32.2 \, \text{kJ/mol} \]
Write the expression for the overall reaction and calculate \(\Delta G^\circ'\).
c) In addition to the glucose and phosphate concentrations listed in part (a) above, assume that the liver cell concentrations of ATP and ADP are 3 mM and 1 mM, respectively. Calculate the theoretical equilibrium concentration of glucose 6-phosphate at pH = 7.4 and 37°C.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ff99f627c-fb30-4eda-a4b4-43a4443b7001%2F8210c8f9-928e-419f-aac8-a88c2c9f0d70%2Fw3omlti_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:The first reaction in glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose 6-phosphate:
\[ P_i + \text{glucose} \rightleftharpoons \text{glucose 6-phosphate} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
This is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction, with \(\Delta G^\circ' = +13.8 \, \text{kJ/mol}\).
a) In a liver cell at 37°C, the concentrations of both phosphate and glucose are normally maintained at about 5 mM each. What is the equilibrium concentration of glucose 6-phosphate, according to the above reaction?
b) This very low concentration of glucose 6-phosphate is unfavorable for glycolysis. In fact, the reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP:
\[ \text{ATP} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{ADP} + P_i + \text{H}^+ \quad \Delta G^\circ' = -32.2 \, \text{kJ/mol} \]
Write the expression for the overall reaction and calculate \(\Delta G^\circ'\).
c) In addition to the glucose and phosphate concentrations listed in part (a) above, assume that the liver cell concentrations of ATP and ADP are 3 mM and 1 mM, respectively. Calculate the theoretical equilibrium concentration of glucose 6-phosphate at pH = 7.4 and 37°C.
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