Carbonic anhydrase of erythrocytes (M, 30,000) has one of the highest turnover numbers known. It catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO₂. H₂O + CO₂ H₂CO3 This is an important process in the transport of CO₂ from the tissues to the lungs. If 5 µg of pure carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the hydration of 0.35 g of CO₂ in 1 min at 37 °C at Vmax, what is the turnover number (Kcat) of carbonic anhydrase? kcat = 2.0466 X107 Incorrect min-1
Q: Many resistance mechanisms are encoded on plasmids. These mechanisms are of great clinical…
A: BLAST is a bioinformatics tool that enables us to identify a gene if we know its DNA sequence or the…
Q: d) If the [GTP/[GDP] falls to 2.0, calculate G, keeping all other concentrations the same including…
A: The Krebs cycle which is also known as the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) or Citric acid…
Q: Single stranded DNA.
A: DNA:Its full form is deoxyribonucleic acid.It carries genetic instructions for the development,…
Q: Why is the citric acid cycle the central pathway in metabolism? (Select all that apply.) Citric acid…
A: The citric acid cycle, sometimes referred to as the Krebs cycle, is an important metabolic process…
Q: The toxic effect of Na+ ions can be avoided in some plant species by storing them in membrane-bound…
A: One kind of active transport that moves Na+ ions through a membrane is the Na+/H+ antiport…
Q: write the one letter code for oligopeptide ser-cys-ille-glu-Asn-cys-glu and calculate the total…
A: Before calculating the total charge on the peptide, we need to be thorough with the principle behind…
Q: 1. Draw the structure of the following peptide: ala-asp-gly-lys-ser-glu-val-arg-his-gly. What would…
A: pKa is the pH at which a weak acid is 50% dissociated. When pH < pKa of the ionising group, the…
Q: Match the structures and common names of the three fatty acids to their systematic names.…
A: There are four classes of biological macromolecules: proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and…
Q: You have a mixture of peptides (RE; EQ; DW; EE; KG). Which peptide will bind most strongly in a…
A: Recall that:Amino acid sequences are written with N-terminal amino acid on the left and C-terminal…
Q: All of the following statements about the citric acid cycle are true except: O The citric acid cycle…
A: Metabolism is defined as the chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of the…
Q: 4. The molecular structure of the last 12 amino acid residues (dodecapeptide) that comprise the C-…
A: A peptide is a short chain of amino acid residues linked together via a peptide bond. Amino acid…
Q: Using the values of pKas in the table below, calculate the pỈ for DTLH. Properties of some amino…
A:
Q: Order the compounds made of the following molecules by increasing melting point. molecule melting…
A: There are four types of biological macromolecule: proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and…
Q: What are enzymatic markers within the mitochondria of oxidative metabolism
A: Mitochondria is the membrane-bound organelle. Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. It plays a…
Q: In the peptide Ala – Gly – Val – Phe – Tyr, a carboxylate (-COO-) group would bound in which amino…
A: The four types of biological macromolecules are proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and…
Q: Which of the following runs an identical application as the production environment? Select one: Oa.…
A: The natural world that hosts living things is known as the environment. It consists of the…
Q: 19. The bond between a Carboxyl and an Amino group is what? hydrogen bonds peptide linkages a. b. C.…
A: Proteins are high molecular weight, three-dimensional biochemical polymers that serve diverse…
Q: The reaction coordinate diagram shown below is for the mitochondrial enzyme ATP synthase. G KJ/mol…
A: A reaction coordination graph is a graphical representation of the free energy changes that occur…
Q: People are very interested in understanding how prions fold. (Prions are proteins that begin…
A: 1. To determine which protein, mouse or bovine, will be more "folded" at 310K, we need to compare…
Q: What kind of catalysis is shown at position #1? Substrate rest of renzyme OHK Acid catalysis Metal…
A: General acid/base: proton transfer occurs between enzyme to substrate or from substrate to enzyme…
Q: For the same drug, what amino acids of an active site of an enzyme would interact with one of the…
A: As we know that, hydrogen atom is electropositive atom, hence it will bond to the electronegative…
Q: Decide whether each of the following statements is true about ornithine carbamoyltransferase. It's a…
A: Ornithine carbamoyltransferase is an enzyme is important in the urea cycle. Urea cycle is a…
Q: Which of the terms explain the relationship between the two compounds? CH₂OH ОН OH anomers epimers…
A:
Q: For the reaction glutamate (aq) + oxaloacetate²- (aq) a-ketoglutarate2- (aq) + aspartate¯ (aq) the…
A: Standards free energy change calculated at biochemical standards is called biochemical standard free…
Q: Which of the following is TRUE? Chylomicrons have more triglycerides than HDLs. HDL carries both…
A: In the human body, lipoproteins are essential for lipid transport and metabolism. The equilibrium of…
Q: All of the following statements about glucose are true except: Glucose is metabolized in the…
A: Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) that serves as a primary source of energy for living…
Q: Draw the condensed structural formula of a gycerophospholipid trat contains two stearic acids and a…
A: Definition of condensed structure - The system for writing organic compounds in a single line is…
Q: Draw a representation of an allosteric binding site of an enzyme. The allosteric site must bind an…
A:
Q: Analyze the pair of compounds.
A: β - L- galactose & β - L- glucose are both monosaccharides. They are the simplest form of sugar…
Q: Would you expect any of the side chains in the peptide above to undergo hydrolysis? Select all that…
A: Hydrolysis is the cleavage of covalent bond by adding elements of water to it. A peptide is a short…
Q: A biochemist has 100 mL of a buffered solution at pH 7.5. The concentration of the buffer is 0.1 M,…
A: According to Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, find the ratio of acid and it's base.pH = pKa + log…
Q: Representations of sequencing chromatograms for variants of the a chain of human hemoglobin are…
A: The sequencig chromatograms given in question are generated as we conduct Automated DNA sequencing…
Q: You discover a protein that displays improved catalytic efficiency. Would you predict that this…
A: Catalytic efficiency, can be defined as a measure of how efficiently an enzyme converts substrates…
Q: How does Foldit Protein Folding Game use puzzles like Design, De Novo, Revisiting, help in…
A: The Department of Biochemistry and the Center for Game Science at the University of Washington…
Q: protein Insulin (also see Fig 14.24) Ferritin Myoglobin Hemoglobin Ribonuclease a-keratin Collagen…
A: Insulin is a protein hormone, and its structure is quite fascinating. It's made up of two chains of…
Q: In a reaction system, the concentrations of Enzyme-Substrate complex (ES), free enzyme [E] and free…
A: Enzyme-substrate interactions are crucial in biological reactions, controlling the kinetics and…
Q: Protease enzymes cleave proteins by hydrolyzing peptide bonds. The strategy for each type of…
A: Protein digestion and regulation are greatly aided by proteases, sometimes referred to as peptidases…
Q: There is another melanocyte-stimulating hormone called B-melanotropin. Cleavage of 3-melanotropin…
A: We have found out the sequence of amino acids in alpha melanotropin.
Q: hat is the stoichiometry of the synthesis of ribose 5-phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate without the…
A: 5 Glucose 6-phosphate + 1 ATP --> 6 ribose 5-phosphate + 1 ADP + 1 H+This reaction is a part of…
Q: Part F - Identifying conserved residues from the BLAST alignment If an amino acid is found at the…
A: We know that proteins are made up of different amino acids. 2 amino acids differ from each other…
Q: How do shotgun and directed sequencing differ? Why is coverage an important issue?
A: Shotgun sequencing and directed sequencing are two different approaches in the field of DNA…
Q: As a result of the rotation about its six bonds, DNA can exist in a variety of forms. Determine…
A: There are 3 major DNA variants. They are A-DNA, B-DNA and Z-DNA. In all these variants, A pairs…
Q: A hypothetical protein has a molar mass of 23,300 Da. Assume that the average molar mass of an amino…
A: Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins; thus, they are known as protein…
Q: R is the highly active form of the enzyme and T is the less active form of the enzyme. Assume that…
A: Positively cooperative enzymes demonstrate regulatory behavior in which binding a substrate molecule…
Q: 3. Aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) catalyzes the following reaction: COO™ C=O CH₂ COO…
A: Km is sometimes thoughtlessly used as an indicator of affinity of an enzyme for its substrate. But,…
Q: With the disruption of PDHC activity, TCA cycle is also effected. which of the following…
A: A grave medical illness called sepsis is marked by an excessive immunological reaction to an…
Q: Glucagon is a hormone that is released when the level of glucose in the blood is low. Glucagon uses…
A: Glucagon is secreted by the α cells of pancreas.Glucagon is a hormone that helps to regulate blood…
Q: Glucose-6- phosphatase catalyzes the following reaction: glucose – 6-phosphate + H2O = glucose +…
A: There are four types of biological macromolecules: proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and…
Q: QUESTION 27 If you mixed SDS with the protein below and ran it in SDS-PAGE, how many bands would you…
A: SDS-PAGE or Sodium Dodecylsulphate- Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis is a molecular technique to…
Q: The graph shows the oxygen-binding curves for myoglobin and hemoglobin. Label the graph and answer…
A: Fractional Saturation (θ) is the fraction of protein molecules saturated with ligands. (since it is…
Step by step
Solved in 4 steps with 3 images
- Energetics of the Hexokinase Reaction The standard-state free energy change. Gfor the hexokinase reaction, is — 1 6.7 kJ/mol. Use the values in Table I to calculate the value of Gfor this reaction in the erythrocyte at 37°C.Acid phosphatases are an important group of enzymes that can be detected in human bloodserum. Under slightly acidic conditions (pH 5.0), this group of enzymes can hydrolyzebiological phosphate esters as follows:R-O-P-O3-2 + H2O -----> R-OH + HO-P-O3-2Acid phosphatases are produced and can be detected in erythrocytes, kidney, spleen, the liver,and prostrate gland. The enzyme from the prostrate gland is clinically important because anincreased activity in the blood is frequently an indication of cancer of the prostrate gland.Tartrate ion can strongly inhibit the phosphatase from the prostrate gland, but not acidphosphatases from other tissues. How can you use the information above to develop a specific procedure for measuring the activity of the acid phosphatase of the prostrate gland in humanblood serum?Hemoglobin molecules exposed to high levels of glucose areconverted to glycated products. The most common, referred to as hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), contains a b-chain glycatedadduct. Because red blood cells last about 3 months, HbA1Cconcentration is a useful measure of a patient’s blood sugarcontrol. In general terms, describe why and how HbA1Cforms.
- Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the hydration of CO. CO2 + H2O ¬ H½CO3 The Km of this enzyme for CO, is 1.20×104 µ.M. When [CO,] = 3.60×104 µM, the rate of reaction was 4.50 umol·mL! sec-1 a What is Vmax for this enzyme? umol·mL-!sec-!If "P-labeled inorganic phosphate were introduced to erythrocytes undergoing glycolysis, would you detect "P in the glycolytic intermediates? Suppose the results are positive, explain the relevant reaction(s) and the incorporation of P that you would observe.In an erythrocyte undergoing glycolysis, what would happen if there is a sudden increase in the concentration of (i) AMP (ii) Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate
- Human blood serum contains a class of enzymes known as acid phosphatases, whichhydrolyze biological phosphate esters under slightly acidic conditions (pH 5.0): Acidphosphatases are produced by erythrocytes, the liver, kidney, spleen, and prostate gland. The enzyme of the prostate gland is clinically important, because its increased activity in the bloodcan be an indication of prostate cancer. The phosphatase from the prostate gland is stronglyinhibited by tartrate ion, but acid phosphatases from other tissues are not. How can thisinformation be used to develop a specific procedure for measuring the activity of the acidphosphatase of the prostate gland in human blood serum?This is the kcat question. At maximum saturation, 28.3µg of enzyme in 25mL water catalyzes the oxidation of ethanol at a rate of 2.5mM/min. Calculate kcat in units of seconds if the enzyme has a molar mass of 65kg/mol. The more correct work you show, the more credit you will get.calculate the actual free energy of hydrolysis of ATP, delta Gp in the erythrocytes of a new species. The standard free-energy of hydrolysis of ATP is also -30.5kJ/mol in this species, but the concentrations in this specie's erythrocytes are 0.00775 mM ATP, 0.00027 mM ADP and 0.00418 mM Pi. Assume the pH is 7.0 and the body temperature of this species is 43.0oC. Calculate your answer as kJ/mol to two decimal places.
- Consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables such as spinach have been shown to reduce blood pressure in prehypertensive individuals (i.e., those having no history of clinical hypertension), a phenomenon attributed to increased nitric oxide synthesis. Describe the reactions that convert nitrate (NO3 −) to nitric oxide (NO•) in the body.A 42 yr old woman is not in shape but still decides to run a marathon. During the event, she collapses and is brought to the ER. Arterial blood gas analysis shows PO2 of 100 mmHg (normal), PCO2 of 42 mmHg (normal), and pH of 7.30 (low). Further evaluation reveals high anion-gap metabolic acidosis. Increased activity of which of the following biochemical pathways is the basis of the clinical findings? a. ETC b. Citric acid cycle c. Anaerobic glycolysis d. Beta-oxidation of fatty acids e. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylationWhat is the actual change in free energy at 37°C for the phosphoglycerate mutase reaction converting 3-PGA to 2-PGA in erythrocytes if after drinking a glass of orange juice the [3-PGA] = 8 mM and the [2-PGA] = 0.08 mM? The standard change in free energy for the reaction is +4.5 kJ/mol. +16.3 kJ/mol O-6.5 kJ/mol O-7.3 kJ/mol -16.3 kJ/mol +7.3 kJ/mol