Crocodiles can use virtually 100% of the oxygen in its blood, whereas humans canextract only about 65% of the oxygen in their blood. Crocodile hemoglobin (Hb)binds HCO3, rather than 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG), when in the T-state.Which of the following best explains why HCO3¯ in the crocodile works better than2,3-BPG in humans to help the Hb to release more of its bound oxygen?Crocodile Hb binds more oxygen than human Hb, and so the crocodile has moreoxygen available than humans do.The [HCO3] varies with the amount of oxygen used, whereas the [BPG] inhuman erythrocytes is constant regardless of need.Humans require their hemoglobin to be sensitive to [BPG] in order for HbF (fetalHb) to have a higher affinity for oxygen than maternal Hb.Since crocodile Hb binds HCO3, the HCO3 will not be available to bind to H+(Bohr protons), and so more oxygen will be released to the tissues.Crocodiles are cold-blooded and so do not need as much oxygen as humans; thisis why they can stay under water longer to drown their prey.

Let's evaluate each statement to determine which one best explains why HCO3 in the crocodile works…

Answered: Crocodiles can use virtually 100% of…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The various forms of vitamin K Function as cofactors for enzymes with a key role in blood coagulation O Function as cofactors in the blood coagulation pathway, and as chemical antioxidants Have different functions; one form is an enzyme cofactor, and another is a potent antioxidant O All serve as antioxidants
Check all of the following that applied for hemoglobin
You've discovered a new organism that contains a mutant form of Hemoglobin (red line on right) and are testing its properties in a lab setting at a neutral pH. You've generated the binding data below comparing it to the wildtype (non-mutant; blue line on left) form. Oxygen binding of a new hemoglobin mutant 1.00 - 0.75- Hemoglobin 0.50 - Wildtype Mutant 0.25- 0.00 - 25 50 75 100 pO2 (torr) 1. How does this mutation seem to impact cooperativity? Hint. Look at the slope of the line. [ Select ] 2. Which variant, the mutant or wildtype, has a higher affinity for oxygen? [ Select ] 3. Which variant is a more effective delivery system to the the muscles (~20 torr)? Select ] Fraction of Hb bounw with Oxygen
A mutation of Lysine 82 (in the DPG-binding pocket) to Arginine in beta sub-unit will most likely result in Not enough information Higher than normal binding affinity to oxygen Lower than normal binding affinity to oxygen Normal binding to oxygen
Give typed full explanation not a single word hand written otherwise leave it If a patient with a normal pH and temperature has a PaO2 of 60 mm Hg, his arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) is closest to which of the following values? A. 75% B. 90% C. 95% D. 99%
Carbon monoxide competes with 02 binding by hemoglobin, and exposure can lead to toxicity. Could carbon monoxide be considered an allosteric effector? No since the it competes for the active site of the molecule O Yes because it will reduce 02 binding O Yes since the it competes for the active site of the molecule O No because it will reduce 02 binding and is a negative effector
Why is the decreased affinity of fetal hemoglobin for BPG advantageous? With fewer BPG molecules bound to heme, there are more heme residues available for O2 binding. O A. B. Decreased BPG binding biases the fetal hemoglobin toward the R state. C. More free BPG is available to bind to adult hemoglobin, resulting in a shift to the R state. BPG is more available to bind to fetal myoglobin. helping to release O2 in fetal muscle tissue. D. 47
A researcher wants to look for glucaronic acid conjugated metabolites in sample of urine(glucaronic acid conjugation is a common method of metabolism for excretion.) Pronotated glucaronic acid conjugated metabolite ions often lose anhydroglucaronic acid(176 Da) during low energy CID. Which triple quadrupole experiment might be best for finding these conjugates?
O2 bound to hemoglobin: a. acts the same as physically dissolved oxygen b. Comes off the hemoglobin (dissociates) more easily as you increase the oxygen partial pressure c. exerts a partial pressure d. Comes off the hemoglobin (dissociates) more easily as you increase the acidity (decrease the pH) e. all the options are correct 2. Air convection in mammals is driven by a smaller pressure gradient than blood convection because: a. Bronchioles have a greater resistance to flow than arterioles b. bronchioles tend to have a smaller radius than arterioles and capillaries c. air is easier to move with pressure gradients than blood d. air generally travels farther in your body than does blood e. air is heavier than blood 3. The rate of diffusion of gases is NOT determined by which of the following? a. The area of the surface across which diffusion is occurring b. The mechanical energy…
Explain the differences between the two models for hemoglobin cooperativity.
Select all that apply
There is an animal that uses almost 100 percent of the oxygen in its blood. Analyzing the Hb of this animal, it’s found that 2,3-BPG does not bind to Hb, but bicarbonate ions do. Knowing that bicarbonate ions are strong negative allosteric effectors, what do you make of these findings? Why is the animal’s Hb not responsive to 2,3 BGP, but responsive to bicarbonate ions?

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