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how does high pressure O2 treat CO poisoning?

how does high pressure O2 treat CO poisoning?

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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how does high pressure O2 treat CO poisoning?
In early 2016, Ling Wang and Qinzi Xu, two biomedical scientists at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania, placed a mouse under a chemical hood, anesthetized it, and hooked it up to monitors. Wang closed the hood and Xu turned on a switch to deliver 3% carbon monoxide (CO)-a concentration so high that it would kill most humans almost immediately for 4.5 minutes. The mouse's blood pressure dropped precipitously and its heart rate turned irregular. Then, through an intravenous tube, they -delivered a molecule their lab had developed. Moments later, the animal's blood pressure began to rise and it recovered. This was a first: There are no known antidotes for CO poisoning. Given off by engines, heaters, and fireplaces, the tasteless, odorless gas sends more than 50,000 Americans to the emergency room and kills approximately 500 every year. CO poisons in at least two ways. First, it binds tightly to the hemoglobin in blood and prevents it from delivering oxygen throughout the body. Second, it inhibits the process of oxidative phosphorylation (or cellular respiration) in mitochondria, cells' powerhouses. About the best physicians can now offer in cases of poisoning is a treatment developed more than 50 years ago: high-pressure oxygen. In Dec 2016, Azarov et al published an article in Science Translational Medicine on a new treatment for CO poisoning. They have reengineered neuroglobin, a hemoglobin-like protein from the brain, so that it binds carbon monoxide more quickly and tightly than does hemoglobin. When CO-poisoned mice are infused with the artificial neuroglobin, it scavenges the CO, freeing hemoglobin to perform its oxygen delivery duty. The engineered neuroglobin ensures the survival of CO-poisoned mice by binding CO 500 times more tightly than it binds hemoglobin. The CO-laden neuroglobins are excreted through the kidneys. When given within 5 minutes of a lethal dose of CO, the neuroglobin saved 87% of mice, the group reports. Engineered globins show encouraging promise as antidotes for this lethal gas, though long- term neurological defects may still occur from temporary O₂ starvation.
Transcribed Image Text:In early 2016, Ling Wang and Qinzi Xu, two biomedical scientists at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania, placed a mouse under a chemical hood, anesthetized it, and hooked it up to monitors. Wang closed the hood and Xu turned on a switch to deliver 3% carbon monoxide (CO)-a concentration so high that it would kill most humans almost immediately for 4.5 minutes. The mouse's blood pressure dropped precipitously and its heart rate turned irregular. Then, through an intravenous tube, they -delivered a molecule their lab had developed. Moments later, the animal's blood pressure began to rise and it recovered. This was a first: There are no known antidotes for CO poisoning. Given off by engines, heaters, and fireplaces, the tasteless, odorless gas sends more than 50,000 Americans to the emergency room and kills approximately 500 every year. CO poisons in at least two ways. First, it binds tightly to the hemoglobin in blood and prevents it from delivering oxygen throughout the body. Second, it inhibits the process of oxidative phosphorylation (or cellular respiration) in mitochondria, cells' powerhouses. About the best physicians can now offer in cases of poisoning is a treatment developed more than 50 years ago: high-pressure oxygen. In Dec 2016, Azarov et al published an article in Science Translational Medicine on a new treatment for CO poisoning. They have reengineered neuroglobin, a hemoglobin-like protein from the brain, so that it binds carbon monoxide more quickly and tightly than does hemoglobin. When CO-poisoned mice are infused with the artificial neuroglobin, it scavenges the CO, freeing hemoglobin to perform its oxygen delivery duty. The engineered neuroglobin ensures the survival of CO-poisoned mice by binding CO 500 times more tightly than it binds hemoglobin. The CO-laden neuroglobins are excreted through the kidneys. When given within 5 minutes of a lethal dose of CO, the neuroglobin saved 87% of mice, the group reports. Engineered globins show encouraging promise as antidotes for this lethal gas, though long- term neurological defects may still occur from temporary O₂ starvation.
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