Sometimes, genes transferred into the mouse genomeby pronuclear injection disrupt a gene at the (random)site of integration, resulting in a mutation. In one suchcase, investigators identified a recessive mutation thatcauses limb deformity in transgenic mice.a. The mutant phenotype could be due to the insertion of the transgene in a particular chromosomalsite, or a chance point mutation that arose somewhere in the mouse genome different from the integration site. How could you distinguish betweenthese two possibilities?b. The mutation in this example was in fact caused bythe insertion of the transgene. How could you usethis transgene insertion as a tag for identifying themutant gene responsible for the aberrant limbphenotype?

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Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.