Scenario 4 Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone produced by cells in the adrenal gland and is commonly associated with the short-term fight-or-flight response when a person senses a dangerous threat in their environment. Describe the membrane transport mechanism (50-150 words) involved in the release of epinephrine from these cells. Your response should include the following: Description of how the type of membrane transport works. Reasoning for why you chose it.

Scenario 4 Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone produced by cells in the adrenal gland and is commonly associated with the short-term fight-or-flight response when a person senses a dangerous threat in their environment. Describe the membrane transport mechanism (50-150 words) involved in the release of epinephrine from these cells. Your response should include the following: Description of how the type of membrane transport works. Reasoning for why you chose it.

Principles Of Pharmacology Med Assist

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337512442

Author:RICE

Publisher:RICE

Chapter27: Medications That Affect The Nervous System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 25RQ

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serotonin [µM] 0.025 transport rate A [dpm/min] 300.0 transport rate B [dpm/min] 10 0.08 920.0 30.0 0.25 2500.0 5400.0 100.0 0.7 350.0 2 8800.0 1100.0 9100.0 3000.0 14. Compare the plots of the transport rates for both conditions. What is most likely mechanism of transport for serotonin into these cells? Explain your interpretation. 15. Assume you repeat the experiment under the same conditions as in A, but in the presence of ouabain. What would be the effect on the transport rate for serotonin in this case? Explain.
serotonin [µM] 0.025 transport rate A [dpm/min] 300.0 transport rate B [dpm/min] 10 0.08 920.0 30.0 0.25 2500.0 100.0 0.7 5400.0 350.0 2 8800.0 1100.0 9100.0 3000.0 11. Draw a graph (by using Excel or similar), plotting the serotonin concentration against the transport rate under both conditions. 12. What transport rates for each condition would you expect if the experiment was repeated using 12µM ['H] serotonin? Add your estimate into the table above. 13. Examine the plot obtained for condition A; what can you conclude with regards to whether or not the transport of serotonin into these cells requires a protein? Explain your conclusion.
serotonin [µM] 0.025 transport rate A [dpm/min] 300.0 transport rate B [dpm/min] 10 0.08 920.0 30.0 0.25 2500.0 100.0 0.7 5400.0 350.0 2 8800.0 1100.0 9100.0 3000.0 11. Draw a graph (by using Excel or similar), plotting the serotonin concentration against the transport rate under both conditions. 12. What transport rates for each condition would you expect if the experiment was repeated using 12µM ['H] serotonin? Add your estimate into the table above. 13. Examine the plot obtained for condition A; what can you conclude with regards to whether or not the transport of serotonin into these cells requires a protein? Explain your conclusion. 14. Compare the plots of the transport rates for both conditions. What is most likely mechanism of transport for serotonin into these cells? Explain your interpretation.
The rapid upstroke of a SA nodal cell action potential is due to the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels. answer should clearly state whether or not the statement is correct and then concisely explain why. the answer should be 3-5 sentences and address all of the points in the statement. Here is an example: Both transmembrane carrier proteins and transmembrane channel proteins can mediate active transport of a hydrophilic solute through a cell plasma membrane. This statement is incorrect. Movement of a solute through a channel protein is always passive, whereas carrier-mediated transmembrane transport can be either passive or active. A transmembrane channel protein creates a pore through the membrane allowing for simple diffusion of a hydrophilic solute down a concentration gradient through the membrane. In contrast, transmembrane carrier protein interacts with and ‘escorts’ a hydrophilic solute through the membrane and is capable of transporting a solute against a concentration…
Ligand binding of a (????) causes conformational changes in the receptor that free the associated G-protein to interact with other membrane proteins Voltage gated ion channel GPCR Ligand gated ion channel Ligandase pore
Suppose that certain cells found in an organism are permeable to both CI" and Kt ions but no other ions at rest. The intra- and extracellular concentrations of both ions for these cells are shown below. The resting membrane potential is -75 mV. Assume that passage of both ions across the membrane occurs through ion channels that are selective for each ion. [Intracellular] [Extracellular] CI 4 mM 110 mM K+ 25 mM 100 mM Based on this information, what reasonable conclusion can you draw about the relative permeabilities of K* and CI" ions in these neurons at rest based on what we discussed? а. The membrane is more permeable to chloride ions than to potassium ions at rest. b. The membrane is more permeable to potassium ions than to chloride ions at rest. С. At rest, the membrane potential of these neurons lies closer to the potassium equilibrium potential (EK) than it does to the chloride equilibrium potential (ECI). d. Both a and c е. Both b and c
List the steps involved in neurotransmitter release starting with depolarization and ending with exoctosis. Include 1) the relevant channel and dynamics of the transmembrane domains and subunits; 2) ionic movements; 3) the various stages of the vesicles and the proteins involved as well as their configurations. There are 4 main steps that you should include.
Item14 Item 14 Coupled transport that involves the moving of one substance against its concentration gradient by using energy from a second substance moving down its concentration gradient is known as Multiple Choice a. primary active transport. b. receptor-mediated endocytosis. c. bulk transport. d. sympathetic exocytosis. e. secondary active transport. Item15 Item 15 Physiological saline contains the same concentration of solutes as the inside of a cell, and it is therefore a(n) __________ solution. Fill in the blank Item16 Item 16 Channel-mediated diffusion is a subtype of Multiple Choice a. simple diffusion. b. carrier-mediated diffusion. c. active transport. d. facilitated diffusion. e. endocytosis.
Uniporters and ion channels support facilitated transport across cellular membranes. Although both are examples of facilitated transport, the rates of ion movement via an ion channel are roughly 104- to 105-fold faster than the rates of molecule movement via a uniporter. What key mechanistic difference results in this large difference in transport rate? What contribution to free energy (ΔG) determines the direction of transport?
QUESTION 1 Gap junctions are involved in O endocrine none of the other choices O neural paracrine QUESTION 2 Potassium ions enter a cell by active transport, diffusion O diffusion, diffusion active transport, active transport O diffusion, active transport QUESTION 3 O altering transcription signaling. Compared to water-soluble signals, lipid-soluble signals are more likely to produce their effects on the target cell by: activating enzymes at the plasma membrane opening or closing ion channels QUESTION 4 and exit a cell by Opening potassium ion channels in a neuron will lead to the cell interior becoming: less negative, which is hyperpolarization less negative, which is depolarization more negative, which is hyperpolarization O more negative, which is depolarization
b) Complete the following flow chart| (a membrane phospholipid)_ Hydrolysed by phospholipase C, to produce Remains associated with plasma membrane a small polar molecule released to cytosol, diffuses to the iv. and causes the release of v. by binding to receptors that are ligand-gated channels. Activates other proteins Activates vi which then phosphorylates other intracellular targets. form complex with vii.
The top panel (a) of this figure shows the graded potential change (far right, upper, electrical trace) that results from ligand binding to the ligand gated Na+ channel. The bottom panel of this figure (b) shows a graded potential change (far right, lower, electrical trace) that results from ligand binding to a ligand gated Cl- channel. From this trace you know (Vm = -70 mV) 1. ECl- is -70 mV 2. ECl- is more negative than -70 mV (i.e., -80 mV) 3. ECl- is more positive than -70 mV (i.e., -60 mV)