Researchers have found that breast cancer cells commonly express a transcription factor known as Ets1 at high levels. Many types of breast cancer are also sensitive to the presence of the hormone estrogen. In estrogen-sensitive breast cancers, tumors grow much more quickly when high levels of estrogen are present. A biologist decides to design an experiment to determine if there was any cooperation between estrogen and Ets1in causing tumor growth. The biologist developed two types of breast cancer cells: one that expressed Ets1 at very high levels, designated as Ets+, and one that was unable to express Ets1, designated as Ets–. The biologist used four test groups in an experiment: 1. Ets1+ cells with added estrogen 2. Ets1- cells with added estrogen 3. Ets1+ cells without estrogen 4. Ets1- cells without estrogen The growth rate of each group of cells was monitored and recorded. Use the passage to answer the question. After five days of cell culture, the number of cells in each group was measured. The following data was collected: Group 1: 7.8 million cells Group 2: 4.2 million cells Group 3: 1.2 million cells Group 4: 1.8 million cells Based on this data, which of the following would be a reasonable conclusion to draw? A. Both Ets1 and estrogen independently increased the expression of genes that led to increased cell growth. B. Estrogen increased the expression of genes that led to increased cell growth independent of the presence of Ets1, but when Ets1 was also present, this effect was increased, indicating that there is some cooperation between the two. C. Ets1 increased the expression of genes that led to increased cell growth independent of the presence of estrogen, indicating that there is no cooperation between estrogen and Ets1. D. Estrogen increased the expression of genes that led to increased cell growth, but Ets1 had no effect on gene expression under any conditions tested in this experiment.
Gene Regulation and Breast Cancer
Researchers have found that breast cancer cells commonly express a transcription factor known as Ets1 at high levels. Many types of breast cancer are also sensitive to the presence of the hormone estrogen. In estrogen-sensitive breast cancers, tumors grow much more quickly when high levels of estrogen are present. A biologist decides to design an experiment to determine if there was any cooperation between estrogen and Ets1in causing tumor growth.
The biologist developed two types of breast cancer cells: one that expressed Ets1 at very high levels, designated as Ets+, and one that was unable to express Ets1, designated as Ets–. The biologist used four test groups in an experiment:
1. Ets1+ cells with added estrogen
2. Ets1- cells with added estrogen
3. Ets1+ cells without estrogen
4. Ets1- cells without estrogen
The growth rate of each group of cells was monitored and recorded.
Use the passage to answer the question.
After five days of cell culture, the number of cells in each group was measured. The following data was collected:
Group 1: 7.8 million cells
Group 2: 4.2 million cells
Group 3: 1.2 million cells
Group 4: 1.8 million cells
Based on this data, which of the following would be a reasonable conclusion to draw?
Cancer, also termed as malignancy, is a group of disease that is caused by abnormal growth of cells. These cells invade the nearby cells, tissues and other parts of the body. Breast cancer is the development of cancer in the breast cells. It can occur either as lobular(in milk producing lobules) or ductal(in milk ducts/glands) carcinoma.
Estrogen is the hormone that plays a major role in the development of female reproductive system and female characteristics. Increase in the concentration of estrogen increases the risk for breast cancer, as the cancer cells with estrogen receptors bind to estrogen and grow. Est1 is a proto-oncoprotein that acts either as activators or repressors of transcription process.
Gene regulation or regulation of gene expression helps in controlling the expression of a gene either at the transcriptional or at the translational levels.
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