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Metabolism Basics Energy Relationship Type of Reaction Builds Larger Example Amino acids join to Anabolism Molecules from Requires Energy form peptides Smaller Ones Breaking a large Cleavage of a phosphate from ATP. Catabolism molecule into smaller Releases energy ones Loss of electrons (and Glucose is oxidized to Oxidation Decrease in energy a proton) CO2 NAD* is reduced to Gain of electrons (and a proton) Reduction Increase in energy NADH during glycolysis Important Coenzymes Oxidized Form Reduced Form Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide NAD+ Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide FADH

Metabolism Basics Energy Relationship Type of Reaction Builds Larger Example Amino acids join to Anabolism Molecules from Requires Energy form peptides Smaller Ones Breaking a large Cleavage of a phosphate from ATP. Catabolism molecule into smaller Releases energy ones Loss of electrons (and Glucose is oxidized to Oxidation Decrease in energy a proton) CO2 NAD* is reduced to Gain of electrons (and a proton) Reduction Increase in energy NADH during glycolysis Important Coenzymes Oxidized Form Reduced Form Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide NAD+ Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide FADH

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Metabolism Basics Energy Relationship Type of Reaction Builds Larger Example Amino acids join to form peptides Anabolism Molecules from Requires Energy Smaller Ones Breaking a large Cleavage of a phosphate from ATP. Catabolism molecule into smaller Releases energy ones Loss of electrons (and Glucose is oxidized to Oxidation Decrease in energy a proton) CO2 NAD* is reduced to Gain of electrons (and a proton) Reduction Increase in energy NADH during glycolysis Important Coenzymes Oxidized Form Reduced Form Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide NAD+ Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide FADH
Transcribed Image Text:Metabolism Basics Energy Relationship Type of Reaction Builds Larger Example Amino acids join to form peptides Anabolism Molecules from Requires Energy Smaller Ones Breaking a large Cleavage of a phosphate from ATP. Catabolism molecule into smaller Releases energy ones Loss of electrons (and Glucose is oxidized to Oxidation Decrease in energy a proton) CO2 NAD* is reduced to Gain of electrons (and a proton) Reduction Increase in energy NADH during glycolysis Important Coenzymes Oxidized Form Reduced Form Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide NAD+ Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide FADH
Respiration and Fermentation Oxidation of glucose or other organic molecules to produce ATP. Glycolysis>TCA> electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation. The final electron acceptor is not oxygen, but a different inorganic molecule, such as nitrate, sulfate, Anaerobic Respiration phosphate, etc. Oxidation of glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP. Glycolysis→TCA→ electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation. The final electron acceptor is O2. Aerobic When the preferred final electron acceptor is absent, or scarce, fermentation allows recycling of NADH back to NAD+ so glycolysis can continue. Produces industrially important by-products like Fermentation acids and alcohols. Outputs of Aerobic Respiration (Glucose) ATP Yield per Electron Carriers # of Cycles per Source Glucose per Cycle Glucose Oxidation of Glucose to 2 АТР NADH Pyruvate Preparatory Step NADH GTP NADH and The Krebs Cycle/TCA (gets converted to АТР) FADH2 Electron Transport Chain (1 NADH= 3 ATP; 1 FADH2= 2 АТ) АТР All Used n/a Totals АТР
Transcribed Image Text:Respiration and Fermentation Oxidation of glucose or other organic molecules to produce ATP. Glycolysis>TCA> electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation. The final electron acceptor is not oxygen, but a different inorganic molecule, such as nitrate, sulfate, Anaerobic Respiration phosphate, etc. Oxidation of glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP. Glycolysis→TCA→ electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation. The final electron acceptor is O2. Aerobic When the preferred final electron acceptor is absent, or scarce, fermentation allows recycling of NADH back to NAD+ so glycolysis can continue. Produces industrially important by-products like Fermentation acids and alcohols. Outputs of Aerobic Respiration (Glucose) ATP Yield per Electron Carriers # of Cycles per Source Glucose per Cycle Glucose Oxidation of Glucose to 2 АТР NADH Pyruvate Preparatory Step NADH GTP NADH and The Krebs Cycle/TCA (gets converted to АТР) FADH2 Electron Transport Chain (1 NADH= 3 ATP; 1 FADH2= 2 АТ) АТР All Used n/a Totals АТР
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