The physical constraints to DNA replication presented by the chemical structure of DNA include (select the correct statements): O Glycosidic bonds. O Base pairing stability of the DNA double helix. O Acetylation of chromatin. O Directionality of DNA synthesis S3. O Random addition of nucleotides Select the correct statements regarding eukaryotic enhancers. O Enhancers are present in the same locations in all cell types. O Enhancer chromatin is established by lineage-determining transcription factors. O Enhancers are embedded within inactive chromatin regions of the genome. Enhancers are involved in long range loop structures that increase local concentration of transcription factors, co-activators and RNA Pol components to facilitate gene transcription.

The physical constraints to DNA replication presented by the chemical structure of DNA include (select the correct statements): O Glycosidic bonds. O Base pairing stability of the DNA double helix. O Acetylation of chromatin. O Directionality of DNA synthesis S3. O Random addition of nucleotides Select the correct statements regarding eukaryotic enhancers. O Enhancers are present in the same locations in all cell types. O Enhancer chromatin is established by lineage-determining transcription factors. O Enhancers are embedded within inactive chromatin regions of the genome. Enhancers are involved in long range loop structures that increase local concentration of transcription factors, co-activators and RNA Pol components to facilitate gene transcription.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter14: Dna Structure And Replication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14TYK: Discuss Concepts During replication, an error uncorrected by proofreading or mismatch repair...

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During DNA replication, one of the new strands of DNA is synthesized continuously, while the other is synthesized as a number of separate fragments of DNA that are subsequently linked by DNA ligase. This is because O replication starts at many points on the chromosome RNA primers only anneal to one of the parental strands of DNA one of the parental strands is unwound slower than the other by helicase DNA polymerase III only synthesizes DNA in the 5' - 3' direction
The 5'-3' exonuclease activity involves all the following EXCEPT: o Both ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides can be removed. O DNA repair can also be undertaken by this activity. o Groups of altered nucleotides can also be removed. o Removal of one nucleotide at a time in the properly base paired DNA. o Activity is possessed by both DNA polymerase I and III
DNA Replication occurs on both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Although they have a similar genetic flow, there are small differences in between. What are the differences of DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? What is/are the major difference/s?
Eukaryotic Genetic Sequence: 5'-TAC CAT GAT CCC TAT - 3' 1. What would be the newly synthesized DNA strand and explain how the strand will be replicated. Where in the cell would this occur? 2. What would be the synthesized mRNA strand, and how is it transcribed from the original DNA strand, and then converted from a pre-mRNA strand to a mature mRNA? Where in the cell does this occur? 3. What would be the anti-codons for the tRNA. What are the amino acids generated based on the RNA. How are these amino acids translated into protein and where in the cell does this happen?
Replication involves a period of time during which DNA is particularly susceptible to the introduction of mutations. If nucleotides can be incorporated into DNA at a rate of 20 nucleotides/second and the human genome contains 3 billion nucleotides, how long will replication take? How is this time reduced so that replication can take place in a few hours?
Discuss Concepts During replication, an error uncorrected by proofreading or mismatch repair produces a DNA molecule with a base mismatch at the indicated position: The mismatch results in a mutation. This DNA molecule is received by one of the two daughter cells produced by mitosis. In the next round of replication and division, the mutation appears in only one of the two daughter cells. Develop a hypothesis to explain this observation.
Explain the effect(s) the following scenarios would have on DNA replication or translation. For each scenario, state whether DNA replication or translation would be able to proceed and explain your reasoning. Low amount of 7- methyl guanosine in the nucleus low amount of DNA polymerase I lack of helicase
Given that mammalian cells have much larger chromosomes compared to E. coli cells, how is replication in the former carried out rapidly? O Eukaryotic DNA polymerases are extremely fast compared with prokaryotic polymerases O Multiple replication forks work simultaneously on each chromosomal DNA O The higher temperature of mammalian cells allows for an exponentially higher replication rate O The presence of histones speeds up the rate of chromosome replication
Given the active site diagram below, please identify the residue participating in a charge-charge interation. HO OH HN OH 5 ΝΗ *HN ΝΗ OH O Zn²+ 2 4 5 3 1 2 NH 3
Which of the following statement(s) is/are false/incorrect? You may select multiple options, if necessary. ☐ Experiments support bidirectional movement of multiple replication forks at eukaryotic chromosomes. O Mg++ ions play important roles during DNA synthesis Synthesis of DNA is semi-conservative ✔ Beta clamp reduces DNA polymerase processivity ✔ DNA polymerase III uses ATP as a source of energy to drive the polymerization reaction forward O Tautomers enhance chances of correct nucleotide incorporation during DNA synthesis
(e) What difference would it make to bidirectional DNA replication if both modes of chain extension were equally favourable?
Compared to heterochromatin, euchromatin is comprised of densely packed nucleosomes and with higher transcription activity comprised of densely packed nucleosomes and with lower transcription activity O comprised of loosely packed nucleosomes and with lower transcription activity Ocomprised of loosely packed nucleosomes and with higher transcription activity