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Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Question

Meselson-Stahl Experiment showed that
DNA replication is semi-conservative. In the
experiment, DNA was originally labeled
with ¹5N. Then ¹5N-labeled DNA was
duplicated in the presence of ¹4N-
nucleotides. It was found that the second-
generation daughter DNA (after two rounds
of replication) consists of
all ¹4N-DNA
O b. 50% of hybrid 15N-¹4N DNA and 50% ¹5N-DNA
all 15N-DNA
d. 50% of hybrid ¹5N-¹4N DNA and 50% ¹4N-DNA
15
all hybrid ¹5N-14N DNA
a.
C.
e.

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Lampbrush and polytene chromosomes are characteristic because of the fact that A. nucleosomes are 3-dimensionally distinct from "normal" chromosomes B. microscopy shows they have regions with loosely bound DNA near tightly bound regions C. multiple centromeres were discovered on their linear sequence by in situ hybridization D. DNAse is unable to cleave the linkage between strand
The following is a figure that depicts telomerase extending a telomere. -aaucccaauc ttag telomere The lagging strand template for DNA replication of this section of the chromosome is: a. Strand A Ob. Cannot be determined from the information given above O C. Not needed due to telomerase activity O d. Strand B O e. Strand C
Consider the proteins involved in DNA replication. A. What can a regular DNA polymerase do? Choose one or more. i Catalyze formation of a phosphodiester bond between one dNTP and another dNTP ii Catalyze formation of a phosphodiester bond between one DNA fragment and another iii Catalyze formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3' end of a DNA fragment, and a dNTP iv Catalyze formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 5' end of a fragment and a dNTP o Open up double-stranded DNA to expose the two separate template strands B. For any ONE action DNA polymerase canNOT do, from the list above, name an enzyme that does that action or makes it unnecessary. Enzyme: What action it does, or makes unnecessary (by numbers given above in part a): i ==>> iv V
34. What direction does DNA polymerase extend and proofread DNA? A. Extend: 5'--3' and 3'--5'; Proofread: 3'--;5' B. Extend: 5'--3'; Proofread: 3'--5' C. Extend: 5'--3'; Proofread: 5'--3' D. Extend: 5'--3' and 3'--5'; Proofread: 5'--3' and 3'--5' E. Extend: 5'--3'; Proofread: 5'--3' and 3'--5'
On paper, replicate the following segment of DNA: 5’ A T C G G C T A C G T T C A C 3’ 3’ T A G C C G A T G C A A G T G 5’a. Show the direction of replication of the new strands and explainwhat causes lagging and leading strands to show different patternsof replication.b. Explain how this is semiconservative replication. Are the newstrands identical to the original segment of DNA?
33.Choose the DNA nucleotide sequence that would be complementary to the following strand (note: pay attention to DIRECTION of replication): 5' GTAGTCA 3' a 3' UATUAGA 5' b. 5' TGACTAC 3' 3' ACGACTG 5' 5' UGACUAC 3'. 5.Using agarose gel electrophoresis to analyze DNA, short DNA travels the long DNA. a faster than slower than at the same speed as d. Question 6 Which type of bonds link the individual nucleotides together in DNA? Glycosidic bond Peptide bond Phosphodiester bond Electrostatic bond a e Hydrogen bond Question 7 A typical engineered plasmid vector often contains the following features except a A poly linker region Origin of replication A signal peptide An antibiotic resistant gene a. b. C. C. d.
8-oxo-G base in genomic DNA is often produced by_ and may be repaired by Select one: O a. reactive oxygen species-----MutM O b. UV radiation-------MutS O c. UV radiation-------MutM O d. reactive oxygen species------MutS
Only typed explanation
12. Shown below are three possible mechanisms for DNA replication. Identify which each kind is (semiconservative, conservative, or dispersive). I Which model is this? (select one) A. Semiconservative Conservative Dispersive Semiconservative Conservative Dispersive Semiconservative Conservative Dispersive B. C. XXX< XXXXXX XXX< x< XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXxXxXx XXXXXX MXXXXX XXxxxxxX XXXXXX
The phrase “5 prime to 3 prime” refers to the_______ . a. timing of DNA replication b. directionality of DNA synthesis c. number of phosphate groups
5.A. Draw a wild-type replication fork showing leading and lagging strands and their 5 to 3' direction of synthesis (arrow). B. Draw a replication fork in a RNA primase mutant (no RNA primase function). C. Draw a replication fork in a DNA helicase mutant. D. Draw a replication fork in a DNA polymerase mutant that lacks the proofreading function (but possesses all the other DNA polymerase functions).
The function of gamma (y) complex of DNA polymerase III is to Select one: O a. to unwind double strand DNA (template DNA). O b. to associate the core DNA polymerase llI with template DNA. O c. to stimulate 5' to 3' exonuclease activity O d. to upload beta subunit of DNA polymerase III to template DNA.

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