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Ⓒ Macmillan Learning Epigenetics is the study of heritable traits that are not induced by changes to DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes can be inherited during somatic cell division to regulate the daughter cells of an individual organism. Most epigenetic modifications are reset prior to meiosis. However, some epigenetic changes can be inherited across generations. For example, environmental factors such as nutrition and chemical exposure can induce heritable epigenetic changes in animal models (Relton and Davey Smith, 2012). Genome imprinting is one type of epigenetic modification in which a cell or organism can reduce the expression of a gene and thereby silence the gene. Genome imprinting is caused by DNA methylation and histone modification, which reduce expression of a gene. The silencing occurs in a parent-of-origin-specific manner, where either the maternally derived allele or the paternally derived allele is imprinted and silenced. Expression occurs only through the nonimprinted alleles from either the mother or the father. However, genome imprinting always silences the same parent's allele of a particular gene. Classify each feature according to whether it describes genome imprinting or not. Genome imprinting gene expression determined by the parent of origin gene expression knockdown by mRNA degradation Answer Bank epigenetic silencing by translocation Not genome imprinting epigenetic silencing by DNA methylation maternally contributed mRNA altering the phenotype of offspring

Ⓒ Macmillan Learning Epigenetics is the study of heritable traits that are not induced by changes to DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes can be inherited during somatic cell division to regulate the daughter cells of an individual organism. Most epigenetic modifications are reset prior to meiosis. However, some epigenetic changes can be inherited across generations. For example, environmental factors such as nutrition and chemical exposure can induce heritable epigenetic changes in animal models (Relton and Davey Smith, 2012). Genome imprinting is one type of epigenetic modification in which a cell or organism can reduce the expression of a gene and thereby silence the gene. Genome imprinting is caused by DNA methylation and histone modification, which reduce expression of a gene. The silencing occurs in a parent-of-origin-specific manner, where either the maternally derived allele or the paternally derived allele is imprinted and silenced. Expression occurs only through the nonimprinted alleles from either the mother or the father. However, genome imprinting always silences the same parent's allele of a particular gene. Classify each feature according to whether it describes genome imprinting or not. Genome imprinting gene expression determined by the parent of origin gene expression knockdown by mRNA degradation Answer Bank epigenetic silencing by translocation Not genome imprinting epigenetic silencing by DNA methylation maternally contributed mRNA altering the phenotype of offspring

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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**Epigenetics and Genome Imprinting Explained** **Epigenetics** is the study of heritable traits that are not induced by changes to DNA sequence. These changes can be inherited during somatic cell division to regulate the daughter cells of an individual organism. Most epigenetic modifications are reset prior to meiosis. However, some can be inherited across generations. For instance, environmental factors such as nutrition and chemical exposure can induce heritable epigenetic changes in animal models (Relton and Davey Smith, 2012). **Genome Imprinting** is a type of epigenetic modification where a cell or organism can reduce the expression of a gene, thereby silencing the gene. This process is caused by DNA methylation and histone modification, which reduce the expression of a gene in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. This means either the maternally derived allele or the paternally derived allele is imprinted and silenced. Expression occurs only through the non-imprinted alleles from either the mother or the father. Importantly, genome imprinting always silences the same parent's allele of a particular gene. **Classification Task:** - **Genome Imprinting** - Boxes are provided for students to categorize features as either related to genome imprinting or not. **Answer Bank:** - Gene expression determined by the parent of origin - Epigenetic silencing by translocation - Epigenetic silencing by DNA methylation - Gene expression knockdown by mRNA degradation - Maternally contributed mRNA altering the phenotype of offspring Students are instructed to classify each feature according to whether it describes genome imprinting or not.
Transcribed Image Text:**Epigenetics and Genome Imprinting Explained** **Epigenetics** is the study of heritable traits that are not induced by changes to DNA sequence. These changes can be inherited during somatic cell division to regulate the daughter cells of an individual organism. Most epigenetic modifications are reset prior to meiosis. However, some can be inherited across generations. For instance, environmental factors such as nutrition and chemical exposure can induce heritable epigenetic changes in animal models (Relton and Davey Smith, 2012). **Genome Imprinting** is a type of epigenetic modification where a cell or organism can reduce the expression of a gene, thereby silencing the gene. This process is caused by DNA methylation and histone modification, which reduce the expression of a gene in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. This means either the maternally derived allele or the paternally derived allele is imprinted and silenced. Expression occurs only through the non-imprinted alleles from either the mother or the father. Importantly, genome imprinting always silences the same parent's allele of a particular gene. **Classification Task:** - **Genome Imprinting** - Boxes are provided for students to categorize features as either related to genome imprinting or not. **Answer Bank:** - Gene expression determined by the parent of origin - Epigenetic silencing by translocation - Epigenetic silencing by DNA methylation - Gene expression knockdown by mRNA degradation - Maternally contributed mRNA altering the phenotype of offspring Students are instructed to classify each feature according to whether it describes genome imprinting or not.
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