How do dietary factors interact with DNA methyltransferase to affect an organism's phenotype in an epigenetic manner?Some dietary factors degrade DNA methyltransferase, preventing it from removing methyl groups from sections of DNA, thereby altering gene expressionSome dietary factors interact with methyl groups directly preventing DNA methyltransferase from methylating any DNA, changing gene expression in the organism as a resultSome dietary factors inhibit DNA methyltransferaseactivity, reducing the methylation of the organism's DNA and changing its gene expression Some dietary factors bind toDNA methyltransferaseand enable it to methylateDNA, thereby changing geneexpression Some dietary factors upregulate DNA methyltransferase activity, increasing the overall methylationof the organism's DNA and changing its gene expression

The modulation of gene expression via processes other than the DNA coding sequence is referred to as epigenetics. Because of this, even though all cells in an organism have the same genome, they all have extremely distinct phenotypes. The word epigenomic "marks" refers to chemical compounds attached to DNA or histone proteins and identified by enzymes that either lay down or remove the particular mark. Epigenetics modifies and regulates gene expression through diverse epigenomic "marks." Together with histone modifications, DNA methylation controls the expression of genes by adding methyl groups to the 5-carbon cytosine residues in CpG islands. While chromatin is typically unwound by histone acetylation, DNA methylation typically acts at promoters to cause gene silence.Methionine, folate, choline, betaine, vitamins B2, B6, and B12, and other food nutrients are required for the methionine cycle to produce S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM), the primary methyl donor for DNA and protein methyltransferases. Since the SAM pool can affect the kinetics of the DNA methyltransferase and DNA methylation, any shortages in these nutrients may impact it. Because of this, it is thought that a high dietary methionine intake increases DNA methylation. Therefore, the correct answer is "5. Some dietary factors upregulate DNA methyltransferase activity, increasing the overall methylation of the organism's DNA and changing its gene expression."

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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

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Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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How do dietary factors interact with DNA methyltransferase to affect an organism's phenotype in an epigenetic manner?

Some dietary factors degrade DNA methyltransferase, preventing it from removing methyl groups from sections of DNA, thereby altering gene expression
Some dietary factors interact with methyl groups directly preventing DNA methyltransferase from methylating any DNA, changing gene expression in the organism as a result
Some dietary factors inhibit DNA methyltransferaseactivity, reducing the methylation of the organism's DNA and changing its gene expression
Some dietary factors bind toDNA methyltransferaseand enable it to methylateDNA, thereby changing geneexpression
Some dietary factors upregulate DNA methyltransferase activity, increasing the overall methylationof the organism's DNA and changing its gene expression

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