Arrange the urea cycle intermediates in order, starting with the intermediate that accepts a carbamoyl group. Carbamoyl phosphate in mitochondria Urea exits the cycle ornithine argininosuccinate citrulline Answer Bank arginine Label each of the intermediates in the urea cycle. H₂N NH₂ NH +H,N A -OOC HN- H H₂N- H₂N= COO NH NH₂ NH H H COO- +H,N COO +H,N COO- +H,N COO- B C D Answer Bank argininosuccinate arginine ornithine citrulline
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- The urea cycle can be summarized through the following reaction: O || H₂N-C-OPO3= COO- | H3N-CHCH₂COO- O || H₂N-C-NH2 + -OOCCH = CHCOO- 1. Write the reactions, using structural formulas that lead to the formation of carbamoyl phosphate and its subsequent incorporation into the urea cycle. Name the enzymes and how they are activated.The urea cycle can be summarized through the following reaction: O || H2N-C-OPO3 + COO- | H3N-CHCH₂COO b. O || H2N-C-NH2 1a Write the reactions, using structural formulas that lead to the formation of carbamoyl phosphate and its subsequent incorporation into the urea cycle. Name the enzymes and how they are activated. 1 + OOCCH=CHCOO- Write the rest of the reactions that constitute the urea cycle using structural formulas. Name the enzymes that catalyze each reaction. Indicate which reactions occur in the mitochondrion and which occur in the cytoplasm.Which enzyme(s) in the urea cycle mediate(s) (an) irreversible reaction(s) (select all that apply)? O arginosuccinate synthetase arginosuccinase carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I arginase O ornithine transcarbamoylase
- The urea cycle requires all of the following components except one of them: aspartate, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I, ATP, citrulline/ornithine transporter and isocitrate. Identify the component. Explain the sequence of urea cycle using the required components and enzymes essential for each step of the cycle.What enzyme catalyzes the committed reaction of the urea cycle? carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II carbamoyl phosphate dehydrogenase I carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I carboxyphosphate synthetase II carboxyphosphate synthetase IDiscuss the two roles of N-acetylglutamate in the urea cycle. Include relevant chemical structures and reactions. What is the regulatory function of N-acetylglutamate in the urea cycle? What is the other role of N-acetylglutamate in relationship to the urea cycle? Glutamate is the precursor for N-acetylglutamate. How is glutamate involved in the connection between the urea cycle and the CAC?
- b) Explain the urea cycle and summarize the steps of the urea carbamoyl phosphate. cycle starting fromOrder the following events as they occur in the matrix: 1 2 4 5 1 Flux through the urea cycle will increase Glutamate levels are high N-acetylglutamate will be high Urea production will increase CPS I will be activatedIdentify urea in the Urea cycle below and show/explain where the two Nitrogen atoms of urea originate from. 3 2 ATP + HCO3 + NH3 4 CPS-1 2 ADP, P₁ NH3 CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ HC-NH3 Coo 1 7 H₂N NH₂ H₂N O=UN ARG1 H₂O OPO3²- feeli. NH₂ CH₂ CH₂ OTC CH₂ P₁ HỘ—NH3* ·8-3-4-8 • ASL CH 5 ΝΗ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ HỘNH3 COO NH₂ 3 3 ASS NH COO ΝΗ CH₂ CH₂ COO- CH₂ CH₂ HỘ NH3* COO 4 ATP PP₁ L-Asp AMP
- Consider this mechanism of enzyme action: Urease can catalyze the hydrolysis of Urea, H,N – C – NH, II but not H H the hydrolysis of diethyl urea N -C - C;H5 C2H5 Explain this action.Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase I is a mitochondrial enzyme which plays an important role in the urea cycle. It represents the committed step in the urea cycle. (i) Explain the reaction of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase I. (ii) Explain the regulation of urea cycle by N-acetylglutamate.If aspartate is labeled with deuterium D (= H-2 = 12H), answer questions a-c to determine where the label will end up in oxaloacetate after the involvement of aspartate in the urea cycle.