The mechanism by which DNA is licensed to replicate only once during each S phase involves ORC and helicase loaders binding to geminin. MCM proteins binding to geminin after replication ORC and helicase loaders being phosphorylated. MCM proteins binding only to replicated DNA. MCM proteins binding only to CEN DNA. IncorrectThe mechanism by which DNA is licensed to replicate only once during each S phase involvesORC and helicase loaders binding to geminin.MCM proteins binding to geminin after replicationORC and helicase loaders being phosphorylated.MCM proteins binding only to replicated DNA.MCM proteins binding only to CEN DNA.0/1 pts

Option A: This option is incorrect because ORC and helicase loaders do not bind to geminin during…

Incorrect The mechanism by which DNA is licensed to replicate only once during each S phase involves ORC and helicase loaders binding to geminin. MCM proteins binding to geminin after replication ORC and helicase loaders being phosphorylated. MCM proteins binding only to replicated DNA. MCM proteins binding only to CEN DNA. 0/1 pts

Incorrect The mechanism by which DNA is licensed to replicate only once during each S phase involves ORC and helicase loaders binding to geminin. MCM proteins binding to geminin after replication ORC and helicase loaders being phosphorylated. MCM proteins binding only to replicated DNA. MCM proteins binding only to CEN DNA. 0/1 pts

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter28: Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, And Repair

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 22P

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How does DNA replication occur in a precise manner to ensure that identical genetic information is put into the new chromatid? See Figures 8.12 and 8.13. FIGURE 8.12 In DNA replication, the two polynucleotide strands uncoil, and each is a template for synthesizing a new strand. A replicated DNA molecule contains one new strand and one old strand. This mechanism is called semiconservative replication. FIGURE 8.13 A close-up look at the process of DNA replication. (a) As the strands uncoil, bases are added to the newly synthesized strand by complementary base pairing with bases in the template strand. The new bases are linked together by DNA polymerase. (b) DNA synthesis can proceed only in the 5 3 direction; newly synthesized DNA on one template strand is made in short segments and linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase.
Figure 14.14 You isolate a cell strain in which the joining of Okazaki fragments is impaired and suspect that a mutation has occurred in an enzyme found at the replication fork. Which enzyme is most likely to be mutated?
Replication involves a period of time during which DNA is particularly susceptible to the introduction of mutations. If nucleotides can be incorporated into DNA at a rate of 20 nucleotides/second and the human genome contains 3 billion nucleotides, how long will replication take? How is this time reduced so that replication can take place in a few hours?
Which of the following components is not involved during the formation of the replication fork? single-strand binding proteins helicase origin of replication ligase
DNA replicates by which of the following models? a. conservative b. semiconservative c. dispersive d. none of the above
Review Figures 8.12 and 8.13. In cells, the primers for DNA synthesis are short strands of RNA, so each newly-synthesized strand of DNA has a segment of RNA al its 5 end. As replication proceeds, DNA polymerases remove these RNA segments and fill in the resulting gaps with DNA. However, the gaps at the very 5 ends of the new strands cannot be filled in with DNA. Why not? DNA replication leaves exposed about 100 nucleotides al the 5 end of each template strand, and these single-stranded ends are removed. What are the effects of this "end problem" on a cell's DNA as it continues to divide? FIGURE 8.12 DNA replication. Green arrows show the direction of synthesis for each strand. The Y-shaped structure where the DNA molecule is being unwound is called a replication fork. FIGURE 8.13 Discontinuous synthesis of DNA. This close-up of a replication fork shows that only one of the two new DNA strands is assembled continuously. The other is assembled in short segments.
Human Genome Replication Rate Assume DNA replication proceeds at a rate of 100 base pairs per second in human cells and origins of replication occur every 300 kbp. Assume also that human DNA polymerases are highly processive and only two molecules of DNA polymerase arc needed per replication fork. How long would it take to replicate the entire diploid human genome? How many molecules of DNA polymerase does each cell need to carry out this task?
Meselson and Stahl's experiments proved that DNA replicates by which mode? conservative semi-conservative dispersive none of the above
The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide errors in DNA is _____. a. mismatch repair b. DNA polymerase proofreading c. nucleotide excision repair d. thymine dimers
Discuss Concepts During replication, an error uncorrected by proofreading or mismatch repair produces a DNA molecule with a base mismatch at the indicated position: The mismatch results in a mutation. This DNA molecule is received by one of the two daughter cells produced by mitosis. In the next round of replication and division, the mutation appears in only one of the two daughter cells. Develop a hypothesis to explain this observation.
Which of the following is not a true statement comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication? Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA polymerases build off RNA primers made by primase Eukaryotic DNA replication requires multiple replication forks, while prokaryotic replication uses a single origin to rapidly replicate the entire genome DNA replication always occurs in the nucleus Eukaryotic DNA replication involves more polymerases than prokaryotic replication.
Multiple Replication Forks in E. coli II On the basis of Figure 28.2, draw a simple diagram illustrating replication of the circular E. coli chromosome (a) at an early stage, (b) when one-third completed, (c) when two-thirds completed, and (d) when almost finished, assuming the initiation of replication at oriC has occurred only once. Then, draw a diagram showing the E. coli chromosome in problem 3 where the E. coli cell is dividing every 20 minutes.