Description of ActivityPrevents the repair or synthesis ofphospholipidsBreaks open bonds between NAM and NAGBinds to some DNA dependent RNApolymerasesInhibits DNA gyrase activityPrevents initiation of active ribosomeformationBinds to reverse transcriptaseInhibits integrase activityPrevents synthesis of essential amino acids byblocking a biochemical pathwayPrevents viral capsid from being dissociatedPrevents biosynthesis of mycolic acidsBinds in the A site of an active ribosomecomplexPrevents aminoacylation of tRNAsBinds to host cell receptorsInterferes with RNA dependent RNApolymeraseDenatures cytochrome proteinsBlocks ATP synthase permeaseBinds to peplomersCidal or Static?Narrow or BroadSpectrum?Effective AgainstBacteria?Effective AgainstViruses?

let's delve into each aspect in more detail: 1. Cidal or Static: - **Cidal Agents:** These agents…

Answered: Description of Activity Prevents the…

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter7: Gene Expression And Control

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15SQ

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Which of the following sequences correctly lists in order the steps involved in the incorporation of a proteinaceous molecule within a cell? protein synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the Golgi apparatus; packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the vesicle synthesis of the protein on the lysosome; tagging in the Golgi; packaging in the vesicle; distribution in the endoplasmic reticulum synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the Golgi; distribution via the vesicle synthesis of the protein on the lysosome; packaging in the vesicle; distribution via the Golgi; tagging in the endoplasmic reticulum
Briefly describe the function of the following in protein synthesis. a. rRNA b. tRNA c. mRNA
Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis Antibiotics are molecules produced by microorganisms as defense mechanisms. The most effective antibiotics work by interfering with essential biochemical or reproductive processes. Many antibiotics block or disrupt one or more stages in protein synthesis. Some of these are mentioned here. Tetracyclines are a family of chemically related compounds used to treat several types of bacterial infections. Tetracyclines interfere with the initiation of translation. The tetracycline molecule attaches to the small ribosomal subunit and prevents binding of the tRNA anticodon during initiation. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes are sensitive to the action of tetracycline, but this antibiotic cannot pass through the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Because tetracycline can enter bacterial cells to inhibit protein synthesis, it will stop bacterial growth, helping the immune system fight the infection. Streptomycin is used in hospitals to treat serious bacterial infections. It binds to the small ribosomal subunit but does not prevent initiation or elongation; however, it does affect the efficiency of protein synthesis. Binding of streptomycin changes the way mRNA codons interact with the tRNA. As a result, incorrect amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain, producing nonfunctional proteins. In addition, streptomycin causes the ribosome to randomly fall off the mRNA, preventing the synthesis of complete proteins. Puromycin is not used clinically but has played an important role in studying the mechanism of protein synthesis in the research laboratory. The puromycin molecule is the same size and shape as a tRNA/amino acid complex. When puromycin enters the ribosome, it can be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain, stopping further synthesis because no peptide bond can be formed between puromycin and an amino acid, causing the shortened polypeptide to fall off the ribosome. Chloramphenicol was one of the first broadspectrum antibiotics introduced. Eukaryotic cells are resistant to its actions, and it was widely used to treat bacterial infections. However, its use is limited to external applications and serious infections. Chloramphenicol destroys cells in the bone marrow, the source of all blood cells. In bacteria, this antibiotic binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the formation of peptide bonds. Another antibiotic, erythromycin, also binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the movement of ribosomes along the mRNA. Almost every step of protein synthesis can be inhibited by one antibiotic or another. Work on designing new synthetic antibiotics to fight infections is based on our knowledge of how the nucleotide sequence of mRNA is converted into the amino acid sequence of a protein. Questions Why is targeting protein synthesis an effective strategy for preventing infection?
Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, tetracycline blocks the A site on the bacterial ribosome, and chloramphenicol blocks peptidyl transfer. What specific effect would you expect each of these antibiotics to have on protein synthesis? Tetracycline would directly affect: tRNA binding to the ribosome ribosome assembly growth of the protein chain Chloramphenicol would directly affect tRNA binding to the ribosome ribosome assembly growth of the protein chain
Define replication, transcription, and translation. In what part of the cell does each process occur?
Given the following tRNA anticodon sequence, derive the mRNA and the DNA template strand. Also, write out the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by this message. tRNA: UAC UCU CGA GGC mRNA: protein: How many hydrogen bonds would be present in the DNA segment?
The key components of desmosomes are cadherins and. actin microfilaments intermediate filaments microtubules
Indicate in which category, transcription or translation, each of the following functions belongs: RNA poly-merase, ribosomes, nucleotides, tRNA, pre-mRNA, DNA, anticodon, amino acids.
The following is a portion of a protein: met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-pro-thr-Various mutant forms of this protein have been recovered. Using the normal and mutant sequences, determine the DNA and mRNA sequences that code for this portion of the protein, and explain each of the mutations. a. met-trp- b. met-cys-ile-val-val-leu-gln- c. met-trp-tyr-arg-ser-pro-thr- d. met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-ala-val-ile-ser-pro-thr-
VISUALIZE Sketch a simple flow diagram that shows the relationships among the following: RNA, translation, DNA, transcription, and polypeptide.
Energy that drives translation is provided mainly by ___ . a. ATP b. amino acids c. CTP d. all of the above
Arrange the following terms in order of increasing specialization: oligopotency, pleuripotency, unipotency, multipotency. multipotency, pleuripotency, oligopotency, unipotency pleuripotency, oligopotency, multipotency, unipotency oligopotency, pleuripotency, unipotency, multipotency pleuripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, unipotency

SEE MORE QUESTIONS

Recommended textbooks for you

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi…

Biology

ISBN:

9781305117396

Author:

Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

Biology

ISBN:

9781305112100

Author:

Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Biology 2e

Biology

ISBN:

9781947172517

Author:

Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:

OpenStax

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi…

Biology

ISBN:

9781305117396

Author:

Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

Biology

ISBN:

9781305112100

Author:

Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Biology 2e

Biology

ISBN:

9781947172517

Author:

Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:

OpenStax

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co…

Biology

ISBN:

9781305251052

Author:

Michael Cummings

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Biology (MindTap Course List)

Biology

ISBN:

9781337392938

Author:

Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781305577206

Author:

Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS