3. Research the condition situs inversus (also known oppositus or situs transversus). This condition is found in approximately 0.01% of the population. Which lead configuration would produce the largest R wave in a subject with this condition? What would be the most likely axis of the heart for a subject with this condition?

The heartbeat includes: a. the systole when the heart relaxes and fills. b. the diastole when the heart contracts and empties. c. pressure that causes the AV valves to open, filling the ventricles. d. rising pressure in the ventricles to open the AV valves and close the SL valves. e. the lub sound when the SL valves open and the dub sound when the AV valves close.

14. Assume that a string is tied around the heart at the level shown in thediagram by the red line Assume also that the string is tied loosely enough tosimulate human first-degree heart block. State the effect of this procedureon the atria:ventricle contraction ratio AND explain the underlying physiologyrelated to the effect.

10. If given a diagram of the heart, such as the one below, be able to identify each of the following parts of the conduction system: • sinoatrial (SA) node • • . spread of SA through the 2 atria atrioventricular (AV) node ● • • • 11. Trace the flow of impulses through the conduction system (step by step) and include at what points the following happen: 2 atria contract together AV node delay occurs AV bundle (=bundle of His) bundle branches Purkinje fibers Focus F

5.According to Steven et al., (2006), hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a medical terminology used to describe a spectrum of congenital heart malfomation exhbiting an array of underdeveloped structures in the left side of the heart. How does this affect the anatomical and physiological function of the left side of the heart? Read and analyze the question and choices CAREFULLY; more importantly, ALWAYS CHOOSE the BEST answer. The heart will have a difficulty in pumping oxygenated blood to all parts of the body The heart is bound to enlarge by loosening its myocardium after a few years. The heart will not be able to absorb oxygen from the lungs. The heart will exert too much pressure to deliver oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

30. Early defibrillation is critical for individuals with sudden cardiac arrest for the following reasons EXCEPT: O A common initial rhythm in out-of-hospital witnessed sudden cardiac arrest is ventricular fibrillation (VF). The most effective treatment for ventricular fibrillation (VF) is electrical defibrillation. O Individuals in asystole respond well to early defibrillation. O The probability of successful defibrillation decreases quickly over time.

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5. Describe the conductions of electrical signals through the heart. answer this question with a narrative of the structures involved in initiating and coordinating the contraction of the heart. You need to include the function of each structure. Mention  pacemaker cells, the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, internodal pathway, bundle of His, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers, first degree block, second degree block, and third degree block.

6. Describe the parts of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and explain how these electrical events are related to the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle. Reference the Wigger’s diagram. Start at the P-wave and go through to the T-wave. Make sure to clearly state what each wave, interval, and segment represent. Make sure to clearly state the general rule concerning the timing of electrical and mechanical events as well as give specific examples.  Mention P wave, QRS complex, T wave, PR interval, R-R interval, PR segment, ST segment, conduction system of the heart, autorhythmic cardiac cells, contractile cardiac cells, depolarization, repolarization, atria, ventricles, atrioventricular node.

7. Explain the role of the autonomic divisions in control of heart rate.