4. The diagram below shows the original order of the genes on an autosome in Drosophila: C D EFGHI In each of the chromosomes illustrated below, this original chromosome has undergone a different structural rearrangement. Name the specific type of structural rearrangement that has occurred and draw a diagram to show how each would synapse with the normal chromosome during meiosis. (A) C D EFEFGHIJ (B) C D EIHG FJ (C) C D E F
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- 8.18 Irradiatioh of Drosophila sperm produces transloca- tions between the X chromosome and autosomes, between the Y chromosome and autosomes, and between different autosomes. Translotations between the X and Y chromosomes are not produced. Explain the absence of X-Y translocations. The birth of this child prompted the Dentons' physician to order a chromosome study of parents and child. The results of the study are shown in the accompanying fig- ure. Chromosome banding was done, and all chromo- somes were normal in these individuals, except some copies of number 6 and number 12. The number-6 and number-12 chromosomes of mother, father, and child are shown in the figure (the number 6 chromosomes are the larger pair): Child Mrs. Denton Mr. Denton a. Does either parent have an abnormal karyotype? If so, which parent has it, and what is the nature of the abnormality? b. How did the child's karyotype arise? (What pairing and segregation events took place in the parents?) e. Why is the child…A male Drosophila from a wild-type stock is discovered to have only 7 chromosomes, whereas normally 2n = 8. Close examination reveals that one member of chromosome IV (the smallest chromosome) is attached to (translocated to) the distal end of chromosome II and is missing its centromere, thus accounting for the reduction in chromosome number. (a) Diagram all members of chromosomes II and IV in the male fly during synapsis in meiosis I. b) If this male mates with a female with normal chromosomes composition, what chromosomes compositions will occur in their progeny? Describe the type of chromosomal aberration that may occur in their progeny and indicate chromosome number for each progeny produced.9. The unlettered circle at the top of the figure shows a diploid nucleus with four chromosomes that have not yet replicated. There are two pairs of homologous chromosomes, one long and the other short. One haploid set is black, and the other is gray. The circles labeled A to E show various combinations of these chromosomes. Centromere D E A) Which drawing represents prophase of mitosis? B) Which drawing represents one daughter nucleus at the end of telophase of mitosis? 10. Why do neurons and some other specialized cells divide infrequently? A) They no longer have active nuclei. B) They have entered into G0. C) They only have one set of chromosomes. 11. One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells A) are unable to synthesize DNA. B) are arrested at the S phase of the cell cycle. C) continue to divide regardless if they have the appropriate signals. D) cannot function properly because they can only divide when there is space. 12. The spindle checkpoint…
- What is a genetic map?25In a Drosophila salivary chromosome, the bands have a sequence of 12 centromere 3 4 5 6 7 8. a. The homolog with which this is synapsed has a sequence of 1 2 centromere 3 6 5 47 8. What kind of chromosome change has occurred? Draw the synapsed chromosomes at the 4 strand/chromatid stage. If a CO occurs between non sister chromatids between genes 4 and 5 what products will result after CO? Describe the products formed. What will happen during metaphase I and Anaphase I to these chromosomes? At the end of Meiosis II, what are the ultimate products produced and describe. Other chromosomes have sequences as follows: (b) 1 2 centromere 5 6 7 8 (c) 12 centromere 3 4 5 4 5 6 7 8. What kind of chromosome change is present in each? Illustrate how these chromosomes would pair with a chromosome whose sequence is 12 centromere 345678.
- There are 40 chromosomes in somatic cells of the house mouse. (a) How many chromosomes does a mouse receives from its father? (b) How many autosomes are present in a mouse gamete? (c) How many sex chromosomes are in a mouse ovum? (d) How many autosomes are in somatic cells of a female?Discuss Concepts One of the human chromosome pairs carries a gene that influences eye color. In an individual human, one chromosome of this pair has an allele of this gene that contributes to the formation of blue eyes. The other chromosome of the pair has an allele that contributes to brown eye color (other genes also influence eye color in humans). After meiosis in the cells of this individual, what fraction of the nuclei will carry the allele that contributes to blue eyes? To brown eyes?● ● Illustrate the chromosome changes in interphase and mitosis using a diploid cell that is 2n=4 (two large and two small chromosomes). Label the circles as G1 and G2 stages of interphase and each phase of mitosis (in order). Draw the chromosome in each circle using the following guidelines. 1) For unreplicated chromosome draw a line (/) and for replicated chromosome draw an X. 2) For simplicity, do not indicate that the chromosomes are decondensed chromatin during interphase. 3) Skip drawing the nuclear membrane or spindle fibers, since we are focusing on the chromosomes. Label genes in the resulting daughter cells as A/a and B/b. (These letters represent genes which are at particular places along the DNA molecule. Each chromosomes can have a thousand genes but we are focusing on these two.) Ask me Qs in class if anythign on this is not clear.
- Somatic cells in organisms of a certain diploid plant species normally have 14 chromosomes. The chromosomes in the gametes are numbered from 1 through 7. Rarely, zygotes are formed that contain more or fewer than 14 chromosomes. A zygote that has the chromosome composition 111 22 33 44 555 66 77 is 1. A.) Anueploid or B.)Euploid , and its chromosome complement can be described as 2. A). trisomic , B.)allotriploid , C. autotriploid for chromosomes 1 and 5. Pick the correct letter for 1 and 2.In a Drosophila where somatic cells have 8 chromosomes, and gametes have 4 chromosomes, what is the number of tetrads in a cell during metaphase II?In Drosophila, the X chromosomes may become attached to one another (XXn ) such that they always segregate together. Some flies thus contain a set of attached X chromosomes plus a Y chromosome. (a) What sex would such a fly be? Explain why this is so. (b) Given the answer to part (a), predict the sex of the off-spring that would occur in a cross between this fly and a normal one of the opposite sex. (c) If the offspring described in part (b) are allowed to interbreed, what will be the outcome?