Here is a DNA sequence that codes for an extremely short protein. 3' TТАССТССССАТССАА 5' template strand 5' AATGCACGGCTAGCTT 3' non-template (or 'coding') strand a. Transcribe it to mRNA (write your answer in the text box with no spaces and starting at the 5' end of the MRNA, like this: ccaggcaa.) b. Using the reading frame that begins with a start codon, what polypeptide will this MRNA produce? (write your answer using the three letter amino acid codes, separated by a hyphen but without spaces, like this: phe-leu-thr-ser.) Second MRNA base A G UUU UCU UAU UGU Tyr Cys Phe UUC UC UAC UGC Ser UUA UCA UAA Stop UGA Stop Leu UUG UCG UAG Stop UGG Trp CU CCU CAU CGU His CUc c CAC CC Leu Pro Arg CUA CCA CAA CGA Gin G CUG ccG CAG AUU ACU AAU AGU Asn Ser AUC lle ACC AAC AGC C. Thr AUA ACA AAA AGA Lys Arg AUG Mt or start ACG AAG AGG GUU GCU GAU GGU Asp GUC G GCC GAC GGC Gly GGA Val Ala GUA GCA GAA Glu GUG GCG GAG GGG First MANA base (5' end) Third MRNA base (3' end)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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**Transcription of DNA and Translation to Polypeptide**

**DNA Sequence:**
- Template Strand: 3' TTACGTGCCCATCGAA 5'
- Non-template (Coding) Strand: 5' AATGCACGGTAGCTT 3'

**a. Transcription to mRNA:**
Transcribe the non-template (coding) strand to mRNA by replacing thymine (T) with uracil (U). The mRNA sequence will be:
```
AAUGCACGGUAGCUU
```

**b. Translation to Polypeptide:**
Using the mRNA sequence, identify the first start codon (AUG) and translate the sequence into a polypeptide using the provided codon chart. 

**mRNA Codons and Corresponding Amino Acids:**
- AUG: Start (Met)
- CAC: His
- GGU: Gly
- AGC: Ser
- UUU: Phe

**Resulting Polypeptide:**
```
Met-His-Gly-Ser-Phe
```

**Codon Chart Explanation:**
The chart provides a grid to translate each mRNA codon into amino acids. Each codon is a group of three nucleotides. The first base is on the left, the second base is on the top, and the third base is on the right. This chart helps determine the sequence of amino acids for the polypeptide. The start codon (AUG) which also codes for Methionine (Met) is highlighted in green, indicating where translation begins. Stop codons, which signal the end of protein synthesis, are highlighted in red.
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription of DNA and Translation to Polypeptide** **DNA Sequence:** - Template Strand: 3' TTACGTGCCCATCGAA 5' - Non-template (Coding) Strand: 5' AATGCACGGTAGCTT 3' **a. Transcription to mRNA:** Transcribe the non-template (coding) strand to mRNA by replacing thymine (T) with uracil (U). The mRNA sequence will be: ``` AAUGCACGGUAGCUU ``` **b. Translation to Polypeptide:** Using the mRNA sequence, identify the first start codon (AUG) and translate the sequence into a polypeptide using the provided codon chart. **mRNA Codons and Corresponding Amino Acids:** - AUG: Start (Met) - CAC: His - GGU: Gly - AGC: Ser - UUU: Phe **Resulting Polypeptide:** ``` Met-His-Gly-Ser-Phe ``` **Codon Chart Explanation:** The chart provides a grid to translate each mRNA codon into amino acids. Each codon is a group of three nucleotides. The first base is on the left, the second base is on the top, and the third base is on the right. This chart helps determine the sequence of amino acids for the polypeptide. The start codon (AUG) which also codes for Methionine (Met) is highlighted in green, indicating where translation begins. Stop codons, which signal the end of protein synthesis, are highlighted in red.
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