Fish and other organisms that live in the Arctic express an antifreeze protein that prevents subzerotemperatures from damaging their cells. Scientistshave generated transgenic strawberries and tomatoesthat express the fish antifreeze protein. However,neither crop has been commercialized.a. Explain the steps involved in generating the transgenic crop plants. What enables these plants tomake a fish protein?b. The reason neither crop is on the market is thatthe antifreeze protein did not produce the desiredeffect: protection of the fruits from damage in afreeze. Provide a possible hypothesis explainingwhy the fish antifreeze protein might not workin plants.

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Industrial Processes

Industrial processes result in the manufacturing of products (biological products, such as enzymes, medicine) on a large scale using different methods, such as physical and chemical procedures. Few products such as pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, food items, etc., involve microbes and their enzymes. Such processes are termed industrial biological processes. Microbiology and biotechnology enable us to utilize the ability of microorganisms to produce enzymes, primary metabolites, and secondary metabolites, which in turn help to produce the desired products.