Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signals through a receptor, tyrosine kinase. EGF signaling promotes cell division by increasing nuclear concentrations of CyclinD through both the MEK and AKT signaling pathways as shown in the diagram. Use the EGF Pathway passage to answer the questions. EGF signals by binding to cell surface EGF receptors. Which of these observations, if true, would BEST explain EGF’s mechanism of action? A. EGF is hydrophilic and can easily diffuse through the cell membrane. B. EGF is hydrophobic and can easily diffuse through the cell membrane. C. EGF is hydrophilic and cannot diffuse through the cell membrane. D. EGF is hydrophobic and cannot diffuse through the cell membrane. Which of these BEST describes how the signal is transduced from the EGF receptor to the Ras protein? A. Ras is phosphorylated. B. Ras is dephosphorylated. C. Ras binds to a GTP molecule. D. Ras hydrolyzes a GTP molecule. High concentrations of nuclear CyclinD is required for entry into S phase. Which of these events MOST likely occur upon entry into S phase? A. CyclinD is synthesized. B. CyclinD is degraded. C. DNA is polymerized. D. DNA is depolymerized. A drug that inhibits the kinase activity of AKT would MOST likely have which of the following effects? A. Increased GSK-3b activity and increased CyclinD synthesis. B. Increased GSK-3b activity and decreased CyclinD synthesis. C. Decreased GSK-3b activity and increased CyclinD synthesis. D. Decreased GSK-3b activity and decreased CyclinD synthesis.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signals through a receptor, tyrosine kinase. EGF signaling promotes cell division by increasing nuclear concentrations of CyclinD through both the MEK and AKT signaling pathways as shown in the diagram.

Use the EGF Pathway passage to answer the questions.

EGF signals by binding to cell surface EGF receptors. Which of these observations, if true, would BEST explain EGF’s mechanism of action?

A. EGF is hydrophilic and can easily diffuse through the cell membrane.

B. EGF is hydrophobic and can easily diffuse through the cell membrane.

C. EGF is hydrophilic and cannot diffuse through the cell membrane.

D. EGF is hydrophobic and cannot diffuse through the cell membrane.

Which of these BEST describes how the signal is transduced from the EGF receptor to the Ras protein?

A. Ras is phosphorylated.

B. Ras is dephosphorylated.

C. Ras binds to a GTP molecule.

D. Ras hydrolyzes a GTP molecule.

High concentrations of nuclear CyclinD is required for entry into S phase. Which of these events MOST likely occur upon entry into S phase?

A. CyclinD is synthesized.

B. CyclinD is degraded.

C. DNA is polymerized.

D. DNA is depolymerized.

A drug that inhibits the kinase activity of AKT would MOST likely have which of the following effects?

A. Increased GSK-3b activity and increased CyclinD synthesis.

B. Increased GSK-3b activity and decreased CyclinD synthesis.

C. Decreased GSK-3b activity and increased CyclinD synthesis.

D. Decreased GSK-3b activity and decreased CyclinD synthesis.

EGF
EGF receptor
Ras
РІЗК
Raf
PIP3
AKT
МЕК
GSK-3B)
ERK
CyclinD
ΜΑΡΚ

Key
indicates activation
E indicates inhibition

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

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