The figure below illustrates a model of a signal transduction cascade, initiated by the bind- ing of a ligand to a membrane-bound receptor. ligand A partial model of a signal transduction pathway. A B inactivated molecules C D receptor protein A Based on the figure, which of the following describes the most likely outcome of a mutation that changes the intracellular region of receptor protein A? activated molecule 1 activated molecule 2 activated molecule 3 The receptor will not activate molecule 1, but the activation of molecules 2 and 3 will continue at lower rates. Molecule 1 will not become activated, preventing the activation of molecules 2 and 3 and the subsequent cellular response. The ligand will not be able to bind the membrane-bound receptor, preventing the signal transduction pathway from initiating The ligand that binds to protein A will not enter the cell, preventing the cellular response from occurring.

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Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.