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Through a series of experiments, we will now investigate how the human eye detects light in two conditions (in the presence of light and in the dark), in order to understand the patient impaired vision at night. The eye's retina is constituted by two types of photoreceptor cells: the rods and the cones. These cells can detect light and produce a cellular response through a specific signaling pathway. The internal structure of these photoreceptor cells is represented in the figure below. Rods differ from cones in that they are much taller, much thinner and have many membranous discs that play a key role in photoreception. Light is received by a membrane receptor, which initiates a signal transduction inside the cell. The cellular response produced consists of the release a neurotransmitter (glutamate) into a synaptic cleft, triggering a series of action potentials in the post-synaptic neuron (not shown in the figure). This electrical signal is then sent to (and processed by) the central nervous system to form an image in the brain.

Through a series of experiments, we will now investigate how the human eye detects light in two conditions (in the presence of light and in the dark), in order to understand the patient impaired vision at night. The eye's retina is constituted by two types of photoreceptor cells: the rods and the cones. These cells can detect light and produce a cellular response through a specific signaling pathway. The internal structure of these photoreceptor cells is represented in the figure below. Rods differ from cones in that they are much taller, much thinner and have many membranous discs that play a key role in photoreception. Light is received by a membrane receptor, which initiates a signal transduction inside the cell. The cellular response produced consists of the release a neurotransmitter (glutamate) into a synaptic cleft, triggering a series of action potentials in the post-synaptic neuron (not shown in the figure). This electrical signal is then sent to (and processed by) the central nervous system to form an image in the brain.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Through a series of experiments, we will now investigate how the human eye detects light in two conditions (in the presence of light and in the dark), in order to understand the patient impaired vision at night. The eye's retina is constituted by two types of photoreceptor cells: the rods and the cones. These cells can detect light and produce a cellular response through a specific signaling pathway. The internal structure of these photoreceptor cells is represented in the figure below. Rods differ from cones in that they are much taller, much thinner and have many membranous discs that play a key role in photoreception. Light is received by a membrane receptor, which initiates a signal transduction inside the cell. The cellular response produced consists of the release a neurotransmitter (glutamate) into a synaptic cleft, triggering a series of action potentials the post-synaptic neuron (not shown in the figure). This electrical signal is then sent to (and processed by) the central nervous system to form an image in the brain. In rods, the signaling pathway involves a light-sensitive membrane receptor: a protein called rhodopsin, which is responsible for detecting low light intensities (but not color). In cones, the signaling pathway involves a color-sensitive membrane receptor: a protein called photopsin, which is responsible for detecting light of different wavelengths (but is not able to detect low light intensities). Eye GFP Rod (photoreceptor) Path of light Rhodopsin A A. Combination A B. Combination B Membranous discs One antibody targeted the rhodopsins specifically One antibody targeted the photopsin specifically Plasma membrane The following microscopy image was obtained from the retinal tissue of a patient that does not suffer from night blindness. The tissue has been colored with two antibodies, each tagged with a specific fluorescent protein: RFP Mitochondria Photopsin Nucleus 3. Based on the image above and the cell structure of photoreceptor cells presented earlier (rods and cones), determine the combination of antibody that was used to specifically target each membrane photoreceptor? Synaptic terminal Cone (photoreceptor) Path of light Rhodopsin B GFP Photopsin
Transcribed Image Text:Through a series of experiments, we will now investigate how the human eye detects light in two conditions (in the presence of light and in the dark), in order to understand the patient impaired vision at night. The eye's retina is constituted by two types of photoreceptor cells: the rods and the cones. These cells can detect light and produce a cellular response through a specific signaling pathway. The internal structure of these photoreceptor cells is represented in the figure below. Rods differ from cones in that they are much taller, much thinner and have many membranous discs that play a key role in photoreception. Light is received by a membrane receptor, which initiates a signal transduction inside the cell. The cellular response produced consists of the release a neurotransmitter (glutamate) into a synaptic cleft, triggering a series of action potentials the post-synaptic neuron (not shown in the figure). This electrical signal is then sent to (and processed by) the central nervous system to form an image in the brain. In rods, the signaling pathway involves a light-sensitive membrane receptor: a protein called rhodopsin, which is responsible for detecting low light intensities (but not color). In cones, the signaling pathway involves a color-sensitive membrane receptor: a protein called photopsin, which is responsible for detecting light of different wavelengths (but is not able to detect low light intensities). Eye GFP Rod (photoreceptor) Path of light Rhodopsin A A. Combination A B. Combination B Membranous discs One antibody targeted the rhodopsins specifically One antibody targeted the photopsin specifically Plasma membrane The following microscopy image was obtained from the retinal tissue of a patient that does not suffer from night blindness. The tissue has been colored with two antibodies, each tagged with a specific fluorescent protein: RFP Mitochondria Photopsin Nucleus 3. Based on the image above and the cell structure of photoreceptor cells presented earlier (rods and cones), determine the combination of antibody that was used to specifically target each membrane photoreceptor? Synaptic terminal Cone (photoreceptor) Path of light Rhodopsin B GFP Photopsin
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