reate a diagram which illustrates the typical signaling mechanism of action of g protein coupled land possible routes of communication (autocrine etc.). Should show the specific molecules involved, the mechanisms of signal transduction and indicate the different pathways that are activated. It should include a specific example of a receptor, ligand and signalling pathway for each general class. Include as wide a variety of ligands
Cell Signaling -- Cell signaling is a process or communication ability of a cell to receive , process and transmit signals with the environment and itself .
Classification of signaling --Cell signaling may be for a short or long distance and are classified as follows--
Autocrine
Juxtacrine
Intacrine
Paracrine or Endocrine
G proteins -- Also called as guanine nucleotide binding proteins .These proteins belong to a large group of enzymes called as GT Pases .
Types of G proteins -- Two classes of G proteins
( i ) Monomeric small GT pase or small G proteins --These small [proteins are made up of single protein unit
( ii ) Heterotrimeric G protein complexes -- This class is made up of Alpha ( a ) , Beta ( B ) and Gamma ( y ) ,sub units.
G protein - coupled receptors are mediators the majority of cellular responses to external stimuli .
On activation by a ligand the receptor bind to a partner heterotrimeric G .proteins and promote exchange of GTP to GDP leading to dissociation of the G protein in to Alpha and Beta Gamma subunits which mediate down stream signals
Small G proteins belongs to RAS superfamily and homologous to alpha sub units .
G proteins are family of proteins which act as molecular switches , inside the cells .
Mechanism -- G proteins regulated by factors which control the ability to bind and also hydrolyze GTP ( Guanine Tri Phosphate ) to GDP ( Guanine Di Phosphate ).
When they are bound to GTP they are on and when they are bound to GDP they are off .
Metabolic regulation , neurotransmission are main finctions
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