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Practice ques tion 1B) Mutations in the signalling pathways depicte d above have been associated with an increased incidence of several types of cancer. Individuals with the se cancers may be treated with one of the following chemotherapeutic drugs. Complete the table below about their mechanisms of action. In which cellular Which process is targeted first compartment/stru cture/organelle by this drug? Drug | Drug's mechanism of action does this proce ss occur? (replication, mitosis, transcription, translation, or If more than 1 location, be sure to specify ALL relevant locations. none of the above)? A Inhibits microtubule assembly Create inter- or intra-strand crosslinking in DNA preventing strand separation Inhibits synthesis of non-essential amino acids B Drug „CH3 HN HN PPPO O PPPO O он OH 5-deoxyuridine 5-deoxythymydine triphosphate (DUTP) triphosphate (dTTP)

Practice ques tion 1B) Mutations in the signalling pathways depicte d above have been associated with an increased incidence of several types of cancer. Individuals with the se cancers may be treated with one of the following chemotherapeutic drugs. Complete the table below about their mechanisms of action. In which cellular Which process is targeted first compartment/stru cture/organelle by this drug? Drug | Drug's mechanism of action does this proce ss occur? (replication, mitosis, transcription, translation, or If more than 1 location, be sure to specify ALL relevant locations. none of the above)? A Inhibits microtubule assembly Create inter- or intra-strand crosslinking in DNA preventing strand separation Inhibits synthesis of non-essential amino acids B Drug „CH3 HN HN PPPO O PPPO O он OH 5-deoxyuridine 5-deoxythymydine triphosphate (DUTP) triphosphate (dTTP)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Practice question 1B) Mutations in the signalling pathways depicted above have been associated with an increased incidence of several types of cancer. Individuals with the se cancers may be treated with one of the following chemotherapeutic drugs. Complete the table below about their me chanisms of action. In which cellular Which process is targeted first compartment/structure/organelle by this drug? Drug Drug's mechanism of action does this proce ss occur? (replica tion, mitosis, transcription, translation, or If more than 1 location, be sure to specify ALL relevant locations. none of the above)? A Inhibits microtubule assembly Create inter- or intra-strand crosslinking in DNA preventing strand separation Inhibits synthesis of non-essential amino acids Drug CH3 HN HN PPPO O N. PPPO O OH OH 5-deoxythymydine triphosphate (DTTP) 5-deoxyuridine triphosphate (DUTP)
Transcribed Image Text:Practice question 1B) Mutations in the signalling pathways depicted above have been associated with an increased incidence of several types of cancer. Individuals with the se cancers may be treated with one of the following chemotherapeutic drugs. Complete the table below about their me chanisms of action. In which cellular Which process is targeted first compartment/structure/organelle by this drug? Drug Drug's mechanism of action does this proce ss occur? (replica tion, mitosis, transcription, translation, or If more than 1 location, be sure to specify ALL relevant locations. none of the above)? A Inhibits microtubule assembly Create inter- or intra-strand crosslinking in DNA preventing strand separation Inhibits synthesis of non-essential amino acids Drug CH3 HN HN PPPO O N. PPPO O OH OH 5-deoxythymydine triphosphate (DTTP) 5-deoxyuridine triphosphate (DUTP)
Info: In many mammalian species, including humans, there is a hormone (H) that acts as a key regulator of hexose (6 carbon sugar, eg - glucose) metabolism, cell cycle progression, and ultimately cell survival. Hormone H regulates these effects via its receptors which are found at both the cell surface (csRu) and within the cell (icRu). The signalling pathways that become activated in the presence of hormone H are depicted and described below. hormone Signalling via the cell surface receptor · Hormone H mediates its cell cycle stimulatory and pro-survival effects by binding to and activating the cell surface hormone H receptor (csRu). · The activated csRu activates Lyn, which activates RAS and ultimately the Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade. · Active ERK: o phosphorylates and inactivates GSK-3B. Inhibition of GSK-3ß promotes cell survival. o inhibits p27, preventing it from inhibiting cell cycle progression. o activates Eos, a transcription factor which promotes cell cycle progression by triggering Cyclin A extracellular fluid inactive GTP inactive RAS Lyn cell-surface receptor for H (csR.) icR. RAS-GTP hexose metabolism cell survival icR. Gphase (resting) Raf HK GSK-38 MEK hexose kinase ERK promoter HRE A COKI nucleus + cyclin A Fos A promoter a Created in BioRender.com bio expression. Signalling via the intracellular receptor Hormone H also binds to and activates the intracellular hormone H receptor (icRu). The activated icRu translocates, to the nucleus where it acts as a transcription factor binding to a specific sequence called a hormone H response element (HRE) found within promoters on the DNA. icRu- HRE binding upregulates the transcription of the hexose kinase gene, which is required for hexose metabolism and ultimately cell survival. Below is a list of mutations commonly found in different components of the hormone-signaling pathways. Mutant #1: The içRuundergoes a loss-of-function mutation. Mutant #2: GSK-3B can no longer be phosphorylated. Mutant #3: ERK is constitutively active. Mutant #4: Lyn undergoes a gain-of function mutation. Mutant #5: The cyclin A gene's DNA is highly compacted and inaccessible
Transcribed Image Text:Info: In many mammalian species, including humans, there is a hormone (H) that acts as a key regulator of hexose (6 carbon sugar, eg - glucose) metabolism, cell cycle progression, and ultimately cell survival. Hormone H regulates these effects via its receptors which are found at both the cell surface (csRu) and within the cell (icRu). The signalling pathways that become activated in the presence of hormone H are depicted and described below. hormone Signalling via the cell surface receptor · Hormone H mediates its cell cycle stimulatory and pro-survival effects by binding to and activating the cell surface hormone H receptor (csRu). · The activated csRu activates Lyn, which activates RAS and ultimately the Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade. · Active ERK: o phosphorylates and inactivates GSK-3B. Inhibition of GSK-3ß promotes cell survival. o inhibits p27, preventing it from inhibiting cell cycle progression. o activates Eos, a transcription factor which promotes cell cycle progression by triggering Cyclin A extracellular fluid inactive GTP inactive RAS Lyn cell-surface receptor for H (csR.) icR. RAS-GTP hexose metabolism cell survival icR. Gphase (resting) Raf HK GSK-38 MEK hexose kinase ERK promoter HRE A COKI nucleus + cyclin A Fos A promoter a Created in BioRender.com bio expression. Signalling via the intracellular receptor Hormone H also binds to and activates the intracellular hormone H receptor (icRu). The activated icRu translocates, to the nucleus where it acts as a transcription factor binding to a specific sequence called a hormone H response element (HRE) found within promoters on the DNA. icRu- HRE binding upregulates the transcription of the hexose kinase gene, which is required for hexose metabolism and ultimately cell survival. Below is a list of mutations commonly found in different components of the hormone-signaling pathways. Mutant #1: The içRuundergoes a loss-of-function mutation. Mutant #2: GSK-3B can no longer be phosphorylated. Mutant #3: ERK is constitutively active. Mutant #4: Lyn undergoes a gain-of function mutation. Mutant #5: The cyclin A gene's DNA is highly compacted and inaccessible
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