Familial hypercholesterolemia is a disorder caused by a defect in the LDL receptors on the plasma membrane. What would be the consequence of this defect on the cell? The cell would increase production and exportation of HDL to remove LDL from the bloodstream. Additional LDL receptors without the defect would be formed and added to the plasma membrane. Increased fluidity of the plasma membrane would allow more water-soluble molecules to pass into the cell. The cell would produce greater amounts of ATP so that LDL could enter the cell through active transport instead of receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Q: The class of enzyme that acts as an effector molecule to generate two lipid messengers from PIP2 is…

A: * phospholipases are enzymes they hydrolyzes a glycerophospholipid  between the glycerol backbone…

Q: You find a monster that produces a hormone that uses standard G-protein receptor pathways to prepare…

A: G protein is a heteromeric protein made from three units, alpha, beta and gamma. When a ligand binds…

Q: True or false signalling sequences such as KDEL allow for resident proteins to be returned to their…

A: KDEL is a type of target peptide sequence present at the C- terminal end of an polypeptide protein…

Q: At puberty, the adolescent human body undergoes changes in both structure and function of several…

A: Hormones are potent messenger chemicals which transmit information from endocrine glands to specific…

Q: Which of the following occurs once the lipid-soluble hormone diffuses across the plasma membrane…

A: Lipid-soluble hormones are hormones that can easily diffuse across cell membranes because they are…

Q: This pertains to membrane transport and cell signaling. Give an example in animals and in plants…

A: Cell signaling is a process in which cells communicate with each other within the body. There are…

Q: Which of the following correctly describes cholera toxin and its effect on intestinal epithelial…

A: Indian microbiologist Sambhu Nath De discovered cholera toxin in 1959. Vibrio cholera is a rod shape…

Q: Which of the following is NOT in common between GPCRS and RTKS? Both receptors are activated upon…

A: In the cell plasma membrane, several receptors are present, which help to transfer the extracellular…

Q: How may the circulatory system influence how often, or low long, an organism goes into oxygen debt?…

A: Oxygen debt means: A temporary shortage of the oxygen in the body tissues due to exercise.It is the…

Q: CAMP Ga-O GTP OFF GDP Ligand GDP Adenylate Cyclase Ga O ON PKA GTP Mobilie Glycogen stores through…

A:

Q: adrenaline adenylyl cyclase CYTOSOL GDP ATP dissociated R-subunit of PKA CAMP inactive PKA active…

A: The cell signalling process is the medium of communicating between different cells in our body and…

Q: Which of the following utilizes receptors that are located in the cytosol? Steroid Hormone…

A: Cell signaling is part of any interactive activity that directs the basic activities of cells and…

Q: Epinephrine binds to a G-protein linked receptor present on the liver cells and activates the…

A: In fight or flight response, the adrenal glands release epinephrine. Liver can detect a single…

Q: Phospholipase A2 causes the release of what fatty acid from membrane phospholipids? What chemical…

A: Phospholipase is an enzyme that breaks down phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic…

Q: Nitric oxide produced by the endothelial layer of blood vessels stimulates the smooth muscle layer…

A: The ability of internal communication was established from protista group. In course of evolution,…

Q: Identify the missing components and write their names against the numbers 1-7 given below:

A: Introduction The Wnt pathway is a signal transduction pathway that is known for the regulation of…

Q: Many proteoglycans have signaling roles. Regulation of feeding behavior by syndecans in the…

A: Proteoglycans are heavily glycosylated proteins that fundamentally consist of a core protein that is…

Q: Which of the following occurs by active transport A)transport of Na+ from region of higher…

A: The transport of substances through the cell membrane, whether into or out of the cell, is referred…

Q: Would the pancreatic hormone somatostatin require a receptor on the surface of or in the cytosol of…

A: Hormones are chemical messengers that are discharged straightforwardly into the circulatory system,…

Q: Molecule X is a soluble protein that is secreted in response to extracellular signal Y. Which…

A: Cell signaling is referred as Communication between cells .All cells receive and responds to signals…

Q: N Signal Sequence The schematic above depicts a protein with the indicated signaling sequences along…

A: Protein sorting is the process where the proteins are transported to their particular destination or…

Q: When LDL (low density lipoprotein) is taken up by cells during pinocytosis, all of the following…

A: The objective of the question is to identify the step that does not occur in the processing of LDL…

Q: Several enzymes, for example, hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase, can bind to lipoproteins. There…

A: Enzymes are the proteinaceous substances that catalyse a biochemical reaction, they increase the…

Q: An anti-enzyme drug Gordox is extracted from the pancreas of cattle and is used in the treatment of…

A: Enzymes are proteinaceous substances which acts as biocatalysts in living organisms which increases…

Q: For cell signaling, write the general process of how a hydrophilic signal is received and…

A: Signal transduction is a process of the transmission of a chemical message from a molecule outside…

Q: Thyroxine is a thyroid hormone that is involved in regulation of metabolic rate - higher thyroxine…

A: Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are secreted by the thyroid follicles. They helps in…

Q: Which of the following statements applies to G proteins?     G protein-coupled receptors…

A: Proteins are defined as the complex macronutrient molecules made up of amino acids. Proteins play a…

Q: Glut4 is a glucose transporter expressed in certain cells - it is only found on the cell surface…

A: Glut4 is a glucose transporter that is sensitive to insulin and its presence on the cell surface is…

Q: Which components of the phosphoinositide signaling system are soluble and which are associated with…

A: The phosphoinositide signaling (PSS) system works by the activation of the phospholipase (PLC)…

Q: Which of the following mutations in the Gas subunit of the GPCR pathway for glycogen breakdown in…

A: GPCRs are a large family of cell surface receptors that respond to a variety of external signals.…

Q: Please help me with this question. More than one answer may be correct.  G-proteins ______.…

A: G protеins, or guaninе nuclеotidе-binding protеins, arе a family of protеins involvеd in…

Q: Which is true about signaling receptors?     They are transmembrane proteins that have binding…

A: Signalling receptors are the transmembrane proteins that span the plasma membrane of the cell. they…

Q: Hormone Inactive adenylyl cyclase GTP Target cell GDP Blood vessel a Subunit of G, protein 3…

A: Metabolic regulation: Energy production or the synthesis of various end products to meet the energy…

Q: As an intracellular messenger molecule, explain the role of Ca2+ ion? (( cell signaling book ,…

A: Secondary messengers are defined as the small intracellular signaling molecules that play a major…

Q: Intracellular signaling pathways provide multiple opportunities for the amplification of a response…

A: there are several intracellular signaling pathways works together in a body that regulates normal…

Q: Which one is known as the second messenger?

A: Cell gives signal to other cell by signalling molecules. This process is referred to as cell…

Q: Hormones are chemical signaling molecules produced by specialized cells and transmitted via the…

A: A hormone is a class of signaling molecules found in multicellular creatures that are transmitted to…

Q: For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from…

A: Cell signalling, or cell communication in biology, is the capacity of a cell to receive, process,…

Q: What statement about lipid-soluble signaling is FALSE. O These signals often alter gene expression…

A: The cell membrane of cells is composed of amphipathic phospholipids.

Q: A hormone epinephrine binds to G-protein coupled receptor and activate multiple signaling pathways…

A: Introduction :- Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone and neurotransmitter that is…

Q: In skeletal muscle glucose uptake is by the facilitated diffusion A transporter with is found…

A: insulin-dependent intracellular signal transduction for glucose uptake  A hormone called insulin…

Q: True or false? Integrins consists of 2 subunits alpha and beta and can switch between a folded…

A: 1. Two noncovalently linked transmembrane glycoprotein subunits named and make up an integrin…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.