DNA samples from four individuals were cleaved with the same MW restriction endonuclease. The DNA fragments were separated by gel clectrophoresis, transferred to a membrane, and hybridized with a 12 kb 10 kb DNA probe complementary to a region between sites C and D (see 8 kb hybridization line). The image of the southern blot shows the labeled DNA bands and 6 kb molecular weight (MW) markers. The lane labels I, II, III, and IV -5 kb correspond to individuals I, II, III, and IV. Assume that fragments such as C-D and C-E are clearly resolved in this gel system. Fragment sizes are as given: A-B is 4 kb, B-C is I kb, C-D is 5 kb, and D-E is 650 bp. Individual I has five cleavage sites (A, B, C, D, and E) for the restriction endonuclease. DNA homologous to probe Which individual has at least one point mutation that eliminates restriction site C only? O II IV cannot be determined II Which individual has at least one point mutation that climinates restriction sites B and C? III O IV cannot be determined Which individual has at least one point mutation that climinates restriction site A only? cannot be determined IV II III
Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
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