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Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The table provides the partial sequences of a wild type polypeptide and three mutant polypeptides, including the type of single nucleotide mutation that resulted in each mutant polypeptide.

| Peptide Sequence | Type of Mutation |
|-------------------|------------------|
| Wild type | Met - Leu - Arg - Ile - ... | - |
| Mutant 1 | Met - Leu - Arg - Met - ... | transition |
| Mutant 2 | Met - Leu - [STOP] | transversion|
| Mutant 3 | Met - Phe - Arg - Ile - ... | transition |

Your task is to determine the mRNA sequence for the wild type polypeptide by identifying the codons corresponding to each amino acid. The first codon is provided. Use the codon access table to find the necessary codons.

### Codon Identification

- **Met**: AUG (provided)
- **Leu**: [fill in using the codon access table]
- **Arg**: [fill in using the codon access table]
- **Ile**: [fill in using the codon access table]

### Answer Bank Options

- CUA
- AUA
- CGU
- CGA
- AUC
- AGA
- UUG
- CUC

Use these options to complete the mRNA sequence for the wild type polypeptide.

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Biology Question
How many cases are there in which it would be possible to identify the first two nucleotides of a codon if the amino acid specified by it is known?
Give the complementary codons, anticodons, and amino acids for the following: - ATG - CCA-AGG-GCT - ACT Code: TAC-TCG-CGC-ACC-GTA-TGC Give the complementary code, anticodons, and amino acids for the following: Codon: AUG - UCA - UCU - CGU - UAC - CCU - GCC-ACU-GCA - CUG - UAG Give the complementary code, codons, and amino acids for the following: Anticodon : UAC – CUA – GAC – AUG – GGG – CAU – UGG – CCA – GCA – AUU Complete the following tables: CODE: T-A-C A-T-G C-C-G T-G-G A-A-T C-G-C A-T-T CODON: ANTICODON: AMINO ACID: CODE: CODON: ANTICODON: U-A-C A-U-G U-U-C C-G-A AMINO ACID: CODE: CODON: A-U-G ANTICODON AMINO ACID: T-T-A C-C-U A-U-C A-U-C C-C-U A-C-U C-U-G T-A-C U-A-G
Refer to the information on the genetic code. Use this information to determine how many amino acids are coded for by the mRNA sequence AUGCGCAGUCGGUAG. The genetic code Second letter of codon UAU UAC JUU Phenylalanine uCU UUC Phe) UUA Leucine (Leu) UUG Tyrosine (Tyr) GCysteine (Cys) UGC 1oStop codon |UGG Tryptophan (Trp) CGU CGC UcC Serine (Ser) UCA ucc CCU cC Proline (Pro) Stop codon UAG Stop codon CAU Histidine His) CU CUC CUA CUG Arginine (Arg) Leucine (Leu) cca CAA CCA CGA Glutamine (Gin) CAG AUU AUC AUA ACU Isoleucine (le) AAU AAC AGU AGC Asparagine (Asn) Serine (Ser) ACC Threonine (Thr) ACA Methicnine ACC start codon GCU Lysine (Lys) AGA Arginine (Arg) ARC AGS GAU Aspartic acid (Asp)G0 GAC GUU GUC Valine (Val) GCC Alanine (Ab) GG Glycine (Gly GUA GUG GCA GCG GA Glutamic acid (Glu) GA GGG GAG 4 15 First letter of codon Third letter of codon
Use the first picture and codon table to answer the following questions.
THE CODONS THAT CODE FOR THE AMIMO ACID SER (SERINE) ARE UCU, UCC,_____ AND _____
This question refers to the mRNA sequence below: 5-CCGUAUGCAUUUCGGACUUAGUAAGGACUGACAUAA-3' As this mRNA is translated, the sixth codon is Fill in the blank with the correct codon without any spaces, and nothing else, so that Moodle can grade your question correctly.
Indicate whether each of the following events occurs when tryptophan is high or when tryptophan is low by placing a check in each of the appropriate blanks. Share your reasoning. Event Tryptophan high Tryptophan low Ribosome does not stall at Trp codons ____________ ____________ Region 2 of the leader pairs with region 3 ____________ ____________ Ribosome covers part of region 2 of leader ____________ ____________ Transcription is terminated before structural genes are transcribed ____________ ____________
The following pattern has been observed in the genetic code. For many codons, the first base specifies a biosynthetic precursor: U = pyruvate, C = α-ketoglutarate, A = oxaloacetate, G = any of a number of simple precursors. The second base of the codon tends to be associated with water solubility: water-soluble amino acids have a G, A, or C as the middle position, whereas five of seven of the most hydrophobic amino acids have U as the middle base. The third base in a codon is often information free; that is, many of the codons for the same amino acid differ only with the third base. Review amino acid biosynthesis and determine which amino acids obey these rules. What are the exceptions?
Use the table below to help you answer the following questions. THE CODON TABLE FIRST POSITION SECOND POSITION THIRD POSITION UUU UCU UAU UGU Phenylalanine Tyrosine Cysteine UCC Serine UUC UAC UGC UA UCA UAA Stop UGA Stop Leucine UUG UCG UAG Stop UGG Tryptophan CU CCU CAU CGU Histidine CUC CAC CGC Leucine Proline Arginine CUA CA CAA CGA Glutamine CUG CCG CAG CGG AU ACU AAU AGU Asparagine Serine AUC Isoleucine ACC AAC AGC Threonine AUA ACA AAA AGA Lysine Arginine AUG Methionine Start ACG AAG AGG GUU GCU GAU GGU Aspartate GUC GCC GAC GGC Valine Alanine Glycine GUA GCA GAA GGA Glutamate GUG GCG GAG GGG Original DNA DNA TACGCTAT GAG C Protein Methionine-Arginine-Tyrosine-Serine Mutation #3 DNA TACGCTATCGAGC How would describe this mutation? (choose ALL that apply) Substitution Deletion Frameshift Silent Insertion
Indicate the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the following mRNA molecule. Use the genetic code table and assume that the very first “AUG” the ribosome encounters will serve as the start codon and specify methionine. 5’-AAUUCAUGCCCAAAUUUGGGGCACGAAGCUUCUUAGGCUAGUCCUAAAAAA-3’
Define codon

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