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Activators bind to genes at enhancer sequences and increase transcription. ACTIVATORS ACTIVATOR COACTIVATORS ENHANCER ACTIVATOR TATA BINDING 44BOX Coactivators function as adaptors and integrate signals from activators and repressors and relay the information to the basal transcription factors. Repressors bind to genes. at silencer sequences and decrease transcription. SLENCER CORE PROMOTER REPRESSOR POLYMERAGE BASAL FACTORS CODNO M Basal transcription fac- tors and RNA polymerase bind to the core promoter of genes and are required. for transcription. Figure 5. Transcription in eukaryotes. The expression of RNA in eukaryotes is initiated by the binding of basal transcription factors to the promoter sequence of a gene. This leads to the recruitment of RNA polymerase to synthesize an RNA transcript of the corresponding gene. - RNA transcription can be increased or decreased additionally by binding of activator or repressor proteins to enhancer / silencer sequences which can be located far away from the promoter of the gene they are regulating. Transcription factors, activators and repressors bind DNA in a sequence specific fashion. This is achieved by chemical interactions (mostly hydrogen bonds) between the amino acids of the protein and the bases of the DNA molecule. Questions 3. Looking at the diagram of transcription in eukaryotes and using the information provided, how could the expression of lactase RNA be turned on and off by transcription factors, activators and repressors? 4. Would the relative position where a transcription factor or an activator/repressor binds DNA be the same across different individuals? Explain why or why not.

Activators bind to genes at enhancer sequences and increase transcription. ACTIVATORS ACTIVATOR COACTIVATORS ENHANCER ACTIVATOR TATA BINDING 44BOX Coactivators function as adaptors and integrate signals from activators and repressors and relay the information to the basal transcription factors. Repressors bind to genes. at silencer sequences and decrease transcription. SLENCER CORE PROMOTER REPRESSOR POLYMERAGE BASAL FACTORS CODNO M Basal transcription fac- tors and RNA polymerase bind to the core promoter of genes and are required. for transcription. Figure 5. Transcription in eukaryotes. The expression of RNA in eukaryotes is initiated by the binding of basal transcription factors to the promoter sequence of a gene. This leads to the recruitment of RNA polymerase to synthesize an RNA transcript of the corresponding gene. - RNA transcription can be increased or decreased additionally by binding of activator or repressor proteins to enhancer / silencer sequences which can be located far away from the promoter of the gene they are regulating. Transcription factors, activators and repressors bind DNA in a sequence specific fashion. This is achieved by chemical interactions (mostly hydrogen bonds) between the amino acids of the protein and the bases of the DNA molecule. Questions 3. Looking at the diagram of transcription in eukaryotes and using the information provided, how could the expression of lactase RNA be turned on and off by transcription factors, activators and repressors? 4. Would the relative position where a transcription factor or an activator/repressor binds DNA be the same across different individuals? Explain why or why not.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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III.ii-Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Esiankiki: My mom told me that in the case of lactase persistence, it turns out that the persistence is caused by continued expression of the lactase RNA. Xiao-Ma: That's so interesting! Here are some more notes from my biology class. I wonder how the lactase RNA can be expressed in some adults but not in others? Activators bind to genes at enhancer sequences and increase transcription. ACTIVATORS ACTIVATOR COACTIVATORS ENHANCER ACTIVATOR ATA BINDING TATA BOX coactivators function as adaptors and integrate signals from activators and repressors and relay the information to the basal transcription factors. Repressors bind to genes at silencer sequences and decrease transcription. CORE PROMOTER- REPRESSOR POLYMERASE BASAL FACTORS CODING REGION Basal transcription fac- tors and RNA polymerase bind to the core promoter of genes and are required for transcription. Figure 5. Transcription in eukaryotes. - The expression of RNA in eukaryotes is initiated by the binding of basal transcription factors to the promoter sequence of a gene. This leads to the recruitment of RNA polymerase to synthesize an RNA transcript of the corresponding gene. RNA transcription can be increased or decreased additionally by binding of activator or repressor proteins to enhancer / silencer sequences which can be located far away from the promoter of the gene they are regulating. Transcription factors, activators and repressors bind DNA in a sequence specific fashion. This is achieved by chemical interactions (mostly hydrogen bonds) between the amino acids of the protein and the bases of the DNA molecule. Questions 3. Looking at the diagram of transcription in eukaryotes and using the information provided, how could the expression of lactase RNA be turned on and off by transcription factors, activators and repressors? 4. Would the relative position where a transcription factor or an activator/repressor binds DNA be the same across different individuals? Explain why or why not.
Transcribed Image Text:III.ii-Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Esiankiki: My mom told me that in the case of lactase persistence, it turns out that the persistence is caused by continued expression of the lactase RNA. Xiao-Ma: That's so interesting! Here are some more notes from my biology class. I wonder how the lactase RNA can be expressed in some adults but not in others? Activators bind to genes at enhancer sequences and increase transcription. ACTIVATORS ACTIVATOR COACTIVATORS ENHANCER ACTIVATOR ATA BINDING TATA BOX coactivators function as adaptors and integrate signals from activators and repressors and relay the information to the basal transcription factors. Repressors bind to genes at silencer sequences and decrease transcription. CORE PROMOTER- REPRESSOR POLYMERASE BASAL FACTORS CODING REGION Basal transcription fac- tors and RNA polymerase bind to the core promoter of genes and are required for transcription. Figure 5. Transcription in eukaryotes. - The expression of RNA in eukaryotes is initiated by the binding of basal transcription factors to the promoter sequence of a gene. This leads to the recruitment of RNA polymerase to synthesize an RNA transcript of the corresponding gene. RNA transcription can be increased or decreased additionally by binding of activator or repressor proteins to enhancer / silencer sequences which can be located far away from the promoter of the gene they are regulating. Transcription factors, activators and repressors bind DNA in a sequence specific fashion. This is achieved by chemical interactions (mostly hydrogen bonds) between the amino acids of the protein and the bases of the DNA molecule. Questions 3. Looking at the diagram of transcription in eukaryotes and using the information provided, how could the expression of lactase RNA be turned on and off by transcription factors, activators and repressors? 4. Would the relative position where a transcription factor or an activator/repressor binds DNA be the same across different individuals? Explain why or why not.
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