A certain group of Brec-MUT cells expresses low levels of protein A, unlike the high expression levels of most Brec-MUT cells. Researchers determine that the cells have an excess of ATP and that there are no mutations in the gene encoding protein A. Describe a change in the Brec signaling pathway that would lead to the decreased expression of protein A even in the presence of Brec-MUT. Explain why B is able to bind to Brec but not to A. Solid tumors are clusters of cancer cells and often contain blood vessels. When molecule Bbinds to the wild-type Brec protein in the plasma membrane of certain solid tumor cancer cells(Figure 1), the cancer cells express the membrane protein A and sometimes stimulate increasedgrowth of blood vessels into the tumors.Cells with a particular mutation in the Brec gene (Brec-MUT cells) have much increasedexpression levels of A and stimulate greater growth of blood vessels than do cancer cells withthe wild-type Brec (Brec-WT cells); the cells with the mutant Brec can trigger intracellularsignaling in the absence of B.Researchers proposed that the signaling pathway modeled in Figure 1 is triggered by activationof the wild-type Brec and is associated with phosphorylation and activation of kinase D,expression of A, and the ability of the cancer cells to stimulate blood vessel growth.Brec(Active)D (Inactive)C-PB℗-D (Active)Kinase(Inactive)Brec (Inactive)P-Kinase(Active)Plasma MembraneAStimulategrowth ofblood vesselsinto tumorsPhosphate groupFigure 1. A simplified model of the normal signaling pathway hypothesized to play a role in certain cancercells expressing A and stimulating blood vessel growth into solid tumors

The Brec signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the expression of protein A and the growth of…

Answered: A certain group of Brec-MUT cells…

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter5: Membranes And Transport

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD: Some cancer cells are insensitive to typical chemotherapy. Research into the mechanisms underlying...

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A certain group of Brec-MUT cells expresses low levels of protein A, unlike the high expression levels of most Brec-MUT cells. Researchers determine that the cells have an excess of ATP and that there are no mutations in the gene encoding protein A. Describe a change in the Brec signaling pathway that would lead to the decreased expression of protein A even in the presence of Brec-MUT. Explain why B is able to bind to Brec but not to A.

Solid tumors are clusters of cancer cells and often contain blood vessels. When molecule B
binds to the wild-type Brec protein in the plasma membrane of certain solid tumor cancer cells
(Figure 1), the cancer cells express the membrane protein A and sometimes stimulate increased
growth of blood vessels into the tumors.
Cells with a particular mutation in the Brec gene (Brec-MUT cells) have much increased
expression levels of A and stimulate greater growth of blood vessels than do cancer cells with
the wild-type Brec (Brec-WT cells); the cells with the mutant Brec can trigger intracellular
signaling in the absence of B.
Researchers proposed that the signaling pathway modeled in Figure 1 is triggered by activation
of the wild-type Brec and is associated with phosphorylation and activation of kinase D,
expression of A, and the ability of the cancer cells to stimulate blood vessel growth.
Brec
(Active)
D (Inactive)
C-P
B
℗-D (Active)
Kinase
(Inactive)
Brec (Inactive)
P-Kinase
(Active)
Plasma Membrane
A
Stimulate
growth of
blood vessels
into tumors
Phosphate group
Figure 1. A simplified model of the normal signaling pathway hypothesized to play a role in certain cancer
cells expressing A and stimulating blood vessel growth into solid tumors

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