3. Denote each of the following pairs as constitutional isomers or identical molecules. It may be helpful to draw the structure of each. a. CH3CH2CH2CH3 and CH3CH(CH3)CH3 b. CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3 and CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH3 c. 2,2-dimethylpropane and pentane
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Denote each of the following pairs as constitutional isomers or identical molecules. It may be helpful to draw the structure of each. Please explain thoroughly.
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- 6. Identify the following functional groups AND provide an example of one biomolecule containing that functional group. A B C D E Chemical formula - PO, - COH -OH -COOH -NH₂ Structural formula O -O-P-0° 0= 0- N H -OH C=O OH H H Example: Example: Example: Example: Example: Riomolecules:The chemical structure of ethane (C2H6) is provided below. Which of the following isomers is ethane able to form? Briefly justify your answer (2-3 sentences) 1. Structural isomer 2. Cis-trans isomer 3. Enantiomer 4. All of the above 5. None of the above нн H-C-C-HDraw all three staggered conformations for the following compound, viewed along the C₂-C3 bond. Determine which conformation is the most stable, taking into account gauche interactions and hydrogen-bonding interactions. (J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 6991-6997) Provide a reason for your choice by identifying all of the interactions that led to your decision. H H&COH C₂ C3 HỌ CH CH3 Which of the following is the most stable staggered conformer? Me H OH Me OH Me- Me Me H Conformer A OH OH OH HO H H H Conformer B Conformer C Me Conformer B because the anti OH groups avoid hydrogen bonding, which is a destabilizing effect. Conformer A because there are only two gauche interactions, and hydrogen bonding between the two OH groups is a stabilizing effect. Conformer C because there is no steric strain for Me-OH gauche interactions and hydrogen bonding between the two OH groups is a stabilizing effect. Conformer B because the large OH groups are anti to each other.
- 3. Structurally compare and contrast the compound responsible for the odor and flavor of pear (propyl acetate or propyl ethanoate) to the compound responsible for the odor and flavor of blackberries (propyl hexanoate.) How are they similar? How are they different? Draw structures to show how each of these compounds is formed from its "parent" molecules. Name all the compounds involved. 4. Explain the trends in the graph below. Discuss the structural reasons (think in terms of functional groups) for these trends. 250 200 150 100 50 -50 Acids Alcohols -100 Aldehydes Alkanes -150 1 23456 7 8 9 10 Carbon number Boiling point (°C)6. The [a] of cheatalotic acid is + 10°. The structure shown below was thought to be correct. Answer for Part b HO, COOH H, HO OH Cheatalotic Acid Incorrect Structure a) Why is the structure shown incorrect? b) Propose a cture of cheatalotic acid that can possibly be correct, assuming atom connectivity is correc30. The shown structure is a cyclic D-monosaccharide. Which of the following statements is true? HOCH₂ H OH H OH OH CH₂OH A. The chemical can react with methanol to form a hemiacetal in solution without forming an open chain structure B. The chemical needs to form an open chain structure to be able to react with methanol to produce a glycosidic linkage in solution C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B
- 9. What is sphingosine? For lipids with a sphingosine backbone, to what carbons are the other functional groups attached? How many acyl tails attach to sphingosine to make a sphingolipid? 10. Compare and contrast the structure of sphingomyelins with glycerophopholipids. 11. Which of the following statements is true? Please briefly explain why the false statements are false. A. Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin are evenly distributed at the two monolayers of plasma membrane. B. Phosphotidylserine is enriched at the inner leaflet of transport vesicles. C. In sphingolipids, the fatty acid tail is linked to its backbone via an ester bond. D. Common glycerophospholipids often carry positive charges at physiological pH. E. Lipases are enzymes that can cut structural lipids at different locations1.)Draw 2,2‑dimethylbutane. Show all hydrogen atoms. 2.)Draw 3‑ethylhexanoic acid. Draw the structure in line‑bond form.This image shows us a of G6PD. A. monomeric (tertiary) structure B. homodimeric (quaternary) structure O C. heterodimeric (quaternary) structure O D. homotetrameric (quaternary) structure O E. heterotetrameric (quaternary) structure
- 13. The structures of sphingosine and choline are given below. Draw the condensed structure and block diagram of the sphingolipid formed from these molecules and a molecule of myristic acid. CH3-(CH2)12-CH=CH-CH-OH CH₂ CH3-N-CH2-CH2-OH CH-NH2 sphingosine CH2-OH CH3 choline BLOCK DIAGRAM (draw below) CONDENSED STRUCTURE 14. Which fatty acid below should have the highest melting point? Why? Explain your answer based on structure and forces of attraction. OH O OH TOH OH3. Ambien is a sedative used in the treatment of insomnia. It was discovered in 1982 and brought to market in 1992 (it takes a long time for new drugs to undergo the extensive testing required to receive approval from the Food and Drug Administration). Identify the hybridization state and geometry of each carbon atom in the structure of this compound. H H H HH H H H H H -HBe as detailed as you can possibly be.