2. The diagram below shows the structure of a sugar.ÇH2OHC=0НоHноH-ČH2OHIs the sugar an aldose or ketose?b. Is the sugar at D or L configuration? Explain why.How many chiral carbons are present in the sugar?d. If the sugar forms a cyclic structure, will it be a furanose or pyranose? Which carbonin the structure above will become the anomeric carbon in the cyclic structure?а.с.

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2. The diagram below shows the structure of a sugar. ÇH2OH C=0 Но -H- но ČH2OH a. Is the sugar an aldose or ketose? b. Is the sugar at D or L configuration? Explain why. How many chiral carbons are present in the sugar? с.

2. The diagram below shows the structure of a sugar. ÇH2OH C=0 Но -H- но ČH2OH a. Is the sugar an aldose or ketose? b. Is the sugar at D or L configuration? Explain why. How many chiral carbons are present in the sugar? с.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter3: Biological Molecules: The Carbon Compounds Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4TYK: Maltose, sucrose, and lactose differ from one another: a. because not all contain glucose. b....

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A monosaccharide designated as an aldehyde sugar contains (a) a terminal carboxyl group (b) an internal carboxyl group (c) a terminal carbonyl group (d) an internal carbonyl group (e) a terminal carboxyl group and an internal carbonyl group
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1. (a) The diagram below shows a structure of monosaccharide. CH,OH C=0 H-C-OH НО—С—Н ČH,OH i. Draw the figure above on your answer sheet and indicate ALL chiral carbon(s) in your figure with *. ii. With reference to the number of carbon, the type of carbonyl group and D/L configuration, suggest a name consisting these three properties to describe the monosaccharide shown above. Explain why this monosaccharide is in D- or L- configuration as you suggested in (ii). 111. (b) The diagram below shows different configurations of glucose. CH,OH CHO ÇH,OH H H-C-OH O. OH H. H. OH H. H OH HO-C-H но H-C-OH но H. H-C-OH OH OH ČH,OH A В C i. Which glucose molecule, A or C, is in a configuration? Explain. ii. What is the name of the conversion among different configurations? iii. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) consist of modified sugars. Give a name of the typical modification to the sugar. What makes GAG ideal for the fluid in the joints? to
1. a. Draw D-glucose and D-fructose as a linear sugar chain. b. Label the carbons with their appropriate number. c. Label the carbonyl group. d. How do you know these are the D stereoisomers? e. Are these ketoses or aldoses? f. How many chiral centers does each molecule have? g. How many possible stereoisomers could D-glucose have, including itself? h. Where are they? i. Upon cyclization would these molecules by pyranoses or furanoses? 2. Convert this Fischer projection to a Haworth perspective of the cyclic molecule with an alpha configuration at the linkage. What is this molecule? HO H HO H H OH H- OH CH₂OH 3. Compare and contrast the structural characteristics of starch vs. glycogen. What is the functional role of branching in these polysaccharides?
1. Below are two isomers of mannose. Classify this sugar based on sugar number. Is this sugar an aldose or a ketose? Indicate which sugar is in the D conformation and which is in the L confirmation. Are these sugars enantiomers or diastereomers? H но-н НО- -Н Н- -ОН Н -ОН CH2OH Н- ІІ НО НО I OH -ОН Н– -Н CH₂OH =1
30. The shown structure is a cyclic D-monosaccharide. Which of the following statements is true? HOCH₂ H OH H OH OH CH₂OH A. The chemical can react with methanol to form a hemiacetal in solution without forming an open chain structure B. The chemical needs to form an open chain structure to be able to react with methanol to produce a glycosidic linkage in solution C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B
13. The following diagram shows two possible cyclic forms of glucose. H. OH но HOHO HO но но OH ОН OH Structure A alpha-D-glucopyranose In the form on the left, the systematic name of glucose is alpha-D-glucopyranose What is the systematic name of Structure A?
Part d pls
2. Name the disaccharide (shown at right) formed by glycosidic linkage of D-Glucose and D-Fructose. ● Name this disaccharide: Do you expect this disaccharide to be a reducing sugar? Briefly explain. OH HOCH₂ H CH₂OH I H OH H H HO OH H H O OH H CH₂OH
A. What are F and E? (circle the correct answer): a. Enantiomers b. Diastereoisomers c. Epimers d. Constitutional isomer B. Indicate which ones are pentoses in the figure C. Indicate which one is(are) ketose(s) in the figure
F 9. In sugars that contain many chiral centers, only the chiral center that is most distant from the carbonyl carbon is designated as D (right) or L (left). Determine which of the structures below are D and L sugars. H-C-OH HIC OH H-C-OH I CH₂OH D-Ribose HO C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH I CH₂OH D-Arabinose H-C-OH HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH T HO-C-H I H-C-OH I CH₂OH D-Xylose D-Aldoses Five carbons H-C-OH H-C-OH HO-C-H H-C-OH HO-C-H HO-C-H H-C-OH CH₂OH CH₂OH CH₂OH CH₂OH D-Ribose D-Arabinose D-Xylose D-Lyxose HO-C-H HO-C-H H- H-C-OH CHO IMPORTANT NOTE: most hexoses in living organism are D isomers. Thus, the D prefix is often omitted. DO NOT confuse this with amino acids. Remember that the most common amino acids in living organism are L isomers. L sugars are mirror images of D sugars. H-C-OH -OH 10. Sugars (monosaccharides) can be trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, heptoses, etc., depending on the number of carbons they have. Determine the number of carbons in the structures above (#9) and determine…
13. The structures of sphingosine and choline are given below. Draw the condensed structure and block diagram of the sphingolipid formed from these molecules and a molecule of myristic acid. CH3-(CH2)12-CH=CH-CH-OH CH₂ CH3-N-CH2-CH2-OH CH-NH2 sphingosine CH2-OH CH3 choline BLOCK DIAGRAM (draw below) CONDENSED STRUCTURE 14. Which fatty acid below should have the highest melting point? Why? Explain your answer based on structure and forces of attraction. OH O OH TOH OH