### Mitochondrial Electron Transfer and Inhibition1a. **Electron Transfer Catalysts** - Illustrate and label the sequence of mitochondrial electron transfer catalysts. Begin with the oxidation of NADH and succinate, culminating in the reduction of O₂.b. **Proton Translocation Sites** - Identify the locations and stoichiometry (per 2 electrons) where protons are moved from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space.c. **Complex Inhibition** - Determine which complexes are inhibited by the following substances: - Amytal - Antimycin A - Azide (N₃⁻) - Cyanide (CN⁻) - Carbon monoxide (CO) - Rotenone d. **Effects on Respiration and ATP Synthesis** - Examine the effects of the following on respiration and ATP synthesis when introduced to a mitochondrial suspension with excess malate, ADP, and inorganic phosphate (Pi): 1. **Oligomycin** 2. **Uncouplers of Oxidative Phosphorylation**, such as: - Dinitrophenol (DNP) - Carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) This exercise explores the complex interplay of electron transfer, proton translocation, and the impact of inhibitors and uncouplers on mitochondrial function. Understanding these processes is crucial to studying cellular respiration and bioenergetics.

ETC consists of four protein complexes called Complex I, II, III and IV that transport electrons…

Answered: 1a. Name and draw diagrammatically the…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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3.
Look at the diagram of the mitochondrial electron transport chain below and answer the questions that follow Ubiquinone Membrane Z Complex I Complex III Y Complex I| Succinate Fumarate H,0 NAD NADH There are 2 names for the component in the orange circle labelled Y, they are: and The name of the component X in the red circle is The membrane labelled Z is the membrane Which component accepts electrons from complex 1?
3. The free energy associated with the proton gradient that develops across the inner mitochondrial membrane as a result of the electron transport chain is 23.3 kJ per mole of protons. If FADH; is the only electron donor to the electron transport chain, how many moles of FADH2 would be required to produce a proton gradient in which exactly one mole of protons have been pumped across the membrane, assuming we start with no gradient? The standard reduction potential of FADH2 is +0.10 V, and that of O2 is +0.81 V. Select the closest value from the options below. A) 3 mol FADH2 C) 0.17 mol FADH2 B) 1 mol FADH2 D) 5.8 mol FADH2
Calculate the ATP yield for the complete oxidation of the ketone body 3-hydroxybutryate to 4 CO2 in the mitochondrial matrix. Use P:O ratios of 2.5 for NADH and 1.5 for QH2. Draw the chemical reaction and the movement of electrons (including the enolate intermediate) necessary for the spontaneous decarboxylation of acetoacetate to acetone and CO2. (Hint: review the mechanism of step 4 in glycolysis and step 3 in the citric acid cycle). Why is acetoacetate undergoing spontaneous decarboxylation while 3-hydroxybutyrate does not?
2
4. If lots of acetyl-CoA is being formed in the mitochondrial matrix, a particular compound will be exported into the cytosol. a.What compound is this? b. What effect does this compound have on fatty acid synthesis? c. How does the compound produce this effect?
Pls help
In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics results indicate that impaired mitochondrial function contributes to some of the mentioned diseases. Which metabolites can potentially accumulate when complex I of the electron transport chain is defective? Use Fig 1 for guidance.
Can you please match the option that is the best fit for each word? Biotin Bicarbonate and ATP Oxaloacetate Malate transport Cori Cycle a. Reactants for adding carboxy group to biotin b. Mechanism for "moving" NADH equivalents from mitochondrial matrix to cytosol c. 4 carbon acid converted to 3 carbon, phosphoenolpyruvate with release of CO2 d. A mechanism to convert lactate produced in muscle to glucose in the liver, which is then transported into circulation e. Cofactor for pyruvate carboxylase
. In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics results indicate that impaired mitochondrial function contributes to some of the mentioned diseases. Which metabolites can potentially accumulate when complex I of the electron transport chain is defective? Use Fig 1 for guidance.
An important function of the inner mitochondrial membrane is to provide a selectively permeable barrier to the movement of water soluble molecules and thus to generate different chemical environments on either side of the mem- brane. However, many of the substrates and products of oxidative phosphorylation are water soluble and must cross the inner membrane. How does this transport occur?
3. Explain the total (net) yield of ATP from Aerobic respiration in three of the different stages of cellular respiration (Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain). Pyruvate oxidation or the Link reactions does not make ATP. In other words, how many total ATP energy molecules are produced in each cycle and which steps in the different cycles make the ATP. Explain the yield in reference to the overall cellular respiration Equation.

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