On what basis can one conclude that the enzyme deficiency is associated with the electron transfer chain and not with the efficiency of proton translocation for ATP synthesis or translocation of adenine nucleotides across the inner mitochondrial membrane? Where is the enzyme defect located?
Q: The glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyses the following reaction: *H₂N- H CH₂ CH₂ COO 300° + NAD*…
A: Enzymes are biocatalysts. The rate of the enzyme catalyzed reaction can be measured in 2 ways:…
Q: Under standard conditions, is the oxidation of ubiquinol (Coenzyme Q) by O2 sufficiently exergonic…
A: The oxidation of ubiquinol is a critical step in the electron transport chain (ETC), which is…
Q: Two mobile electron transfer carriers are present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Name these…
A: Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen…
Q: The fatty acid side chains of the phospholipids in the inner mitochondrial membrane exhibit a large…
A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first question as…
Q: Considering that 22.4 kJ/mole is required to transport 1 H+ across the mitochondrial membrane, how…
A:
Q: Propose that you have discovered a new ATP synthase from the mitochondrion of an organism onthe…
A: The overall reaction for oxidative phosphorylation involving FADH2 oxidation is given below.xADP +…
Q: here is another class of aldolase enzymes known as Class II. These enzymes are found in fungi,…
A: In the realm of enzymology, Class II aldolase enzymes stand out as distinct catalysts found in…
Q: All of the following components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain contain several…
A: The electron transport chain in the mitochondrion is the site of oxidative phosphorylation which is…
Q: For the mitochondrial membrane described in pic, how many protons must be transported to provide…
A: Reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 retains most of the free energy produced during the process glucose…
Q: The inhibitor X prevents coenzyme Q (Q) from participating in electron transfer in the electron…
A: Electron transport chain is a chain of electron carriers present in the inner mitochondrial…
Q: What is the mechanistic basis for the observation that the inhibitors of ATP synthase also lead to…
A: Inhibitors of ATP synthase such as the drug (diarylquinoline) were developed against tuberculosis.…
Q: What is the purpose of carnitine acyltransferase II? O formation of a fatty acyl-CoA molecule in the…
A: Transferases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a functional group, such as a…
Q: The catalytic mechanism of an enzyme found in the mitochondrial matrix (pH = 7.8) depends on an…
A: Enzymes are high molecular-weight protein molecules that catalyse biochemical reactions. The…
Q: (A) What is the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial…
A: Given,△G = RTlnKeq. Also given that pH of IMS is 1.4 units lower than pH of the matrix. R =…
Q: How many ATP are produced from the complete degradation of G3P using glycerol- three phosphate…
A: The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is a mechanism that regenerates NAD+ from NADH that is a by-product…
Q: The four complexes of the electron transport chain use the energy of electrons stored in reducing…
A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is responsible for the oxidation of NADH and FADH2. Electrons…
Q: To form malate, what does NADH in the mitochondrial matrix serve as? Electron donor or acceptor?
A: The body needs the energy to carry out processes. Energy comes from food which gives glucose which…
Q: The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane…
A: In the process of oxidative phosphorylation, oxygen is consumed as electrons are transported along…
Q: What thermodynamic force drives the transport of ADP and Pi into the mitochondrial matrix for ATP…
A: The electron transport (ETS) chain is present in the mitochondria, which helps in the formation of…
Q: Calculate the ATP yield for the complete oxidation of the ketone body 3-hydroxybutryate to 4 CO2 in…
A: Steps involving production formation of 3-hyroxybutryate to CO23-hyroxybutryate (4 Carbon) to…
Q: Citrate synthase is a nuclear-encoded enzyme of the Citric Acid Cycle. The enzyme is functional in…
A: Citrate synthase is an essential enzyme in the first step of citric acid cycle which catalyzes…
On what basis can one conclude that the enzyme deficiency is associated with the electron
transfer chain and not with the efficiency of proton translocation for ATP synthesis or translocation of
adenine
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- The mitochondrial Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC) is a very large enzyme complex which catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Describe the enzyme components that make up the PDC, indicating the contribution each makes to the pyruvate to acetyl-CoA process, as well as how the PDC itself is regulated by intermediates?Many metabolites are transported either actively or passively across mitochondrial outerand inner membrane, like metabolites involved in urea cycle.(A) Besides the metabolites involved in urea cycle, name other metabolites that aretransported across the mitochondrial membranes and explain the biological importancefor transporting those metabolites (B) Mice fed with amphipathic chemical W, K and V were found to lose body weight. It wassuspected that W and K affected mitochondrial functions. The amount of foodconsumed by the mice was consistent throughout the experiment.i. When mice were fed with W, all mitochondrial proteins were function properly. Howdid W induce body weight loss? ii. When mice were fed with K, less complex III and IV were reduced in the electrontransport chains. Other mitochondrial proteins were function properly. How did Kinduce body weight loss? iii. When mice were fed with V, adenosine monophosphates (AMPs) were accumulated incytosol and mitochondria while no…How many molecules of ATP are generated by the complete mitochondrial beta oxidation of the unsaturated fatty acid nervonic acid (24:1), also known as 15-tertrasenoic acid (ie, it has a cis-delta 15 double bond). Which enzyme is required in the beta oxidation of nervonic acid that is not required for beta oxidation of lignoceric acid? and what reaction does this enzyme catalyze?
- All dehydrogenases of glycolysis and the TCA cycle use NAD* (E° for NAD*/NADH is -0.32V) as electron acceptor except succinate dehydrogenase (which uses FAD (E° for FAD/FADH2 is 0.05V). Based on AG° = -NFEº, show and state (1-2 sentences) why is FAD a more appropriate electron acceptor than NAD* in the dehydrogenation of succinate (consider the E° values of %3D Uptake in Na+ Vmax Uptake in absence of Na+ Vmax substrate K: (mM) Kt (mM) L-leucine 420 0.24 23 0.2 D-Leucine 310 4.7 5 4.7 L-valine 225 0.31 19 0.31 fumarate/succinate (E° = 0.031), NAD*/NADH, and the succinate dehydrogenase FAD/FADH2).Calcium is an important regulator of the citric acid cycle. Calcium is transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane by a Ca²- 2+ uniporter that is driven by the negative potential inside the matrix. Part A Assuming a membrane potential across the inner membrane of 172 mV (inside negative), calculate the ratio of the [Ca2+] in the matrix to that in the cytoplasm ([Ca2+]m/[Ca²+]c) that would exist at equilibrium (i.e., AG = 0). Express your answer using two significant figures. [Ca2+]m [Ca2+] = ΤΟ ΑΣΦ Submit Request Answer Part B ? Cytoplasmic [Ca2+] is on the order of 10-7 M in a healthy cell. Based on your answer in Part A, calculate the [Ca2+] that would exist in the matrix at equilibrium. Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. ☐ μÅ ? Value UnitsAlthough the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: Present two types of benefits derived from separating the reactions of glycolysis in the cytosol from those that occur during the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrion.
- 1) In aerobic conditions in animal cells, oxidative decarboxyliation release CO2 by eliminating the methyl (—CH3) group. : True / False 2) All enzymes of the cycle are located in the cytoplasm, except succinate dehydrogenase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane: True / False 3) Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase. In the presence of malonate, one would expect succinate to accumulate: True / FalseThe following incorrect description of the HMS path is () A, 6-P-glucose can be converted into pentose phosphate through this pathway B. Four-carbon and seven-carbon sugars can be provided through this route C. For every mole of carbon dioxide produced when 6-P-glucose is converted to pentose phosphate, it also produces 1 mole of NADPH D, 6-P-glucose is decomposed in this way without consumption of ATP Among the following enzyme-catalyzed reactions that can generate substrate level phosphorylation to generate GTP are () A, hexokinase B, enolase C, succinate thiokinase D, succinate dehydrogenase The limiting factor of fatty acid synthesis in cell fluid is (). A, condensation enzyme B, hydration enzyme C, lipoacyl group transferase D, acetyl-CoA carboxylase Which of the following amino acids is an essential amino acid? () A.Thr B.Lys C.Met D.ArgWhen ATP and xylose are added to hexokinase, the enzyme produces a small amount of xylose-5-phosphate along with a large amount of ADP. How does this observation support the induced fit model?