How many molecules of ATP are generated by the complete mitochondrial beta oxidation of the unsaturated fatty acid nervonic acid (24:1), also known as 15-tertrasenoic acid (ie, it has a cis-delta 15 double bond). Which enzyme is required in the beta oxidation of nervonic acid that is not required for beta oxidation of lignoceric acid? and what reaction does this enzyme catalyze?

Q: If we look at the free energy changes caused by phosphate hydrolysis in the following list of…

A: Phosphate hydrolysis: its hydrolysis causes a release of energy hence it is the exergonic reaction.…

Q: Beginning with molecule Y shown above, determine the net ATP equivalents that would be required to…

A: Glycogenolysis is the process of conversion of glycogen synthesis, in which glucose molecules are…

Q: Myristoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid found in small amounts in a variety of foods.…

A: Myristoleic acid would undergo beta-oxidation for its catabolism.

Q: In metabolism, glucose-6- phosphate (G6P) can be used for glycogen synthesis or for glycolysis,…

A: Glycolysis is the metabolic process that is used to convert glucose into pyruvate. It occurs in the…

Q: The glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyses the following reaction: *H₂N- H CH₂ CH₂ COO 300° + NAD*…

A: Enzymes are biocatalysts. The rate of the enzyme catalyzed reaction can be measured in 2 ways:…

Q: The objective of this problem is to calculate the number of moles of reduced NAD and FAD generated…

A: NAD+ and FAD are coenzymes, organic molecules that serve as helpers during enzyme-catalyzed…

Q: In a major metabolic pathway involving the monosaccharide glucose, one of the reactions involve the…

A: The given reaction is a part of the glycolysis pathway. During glycolysis, glucose is first…

Q: The enzyme Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide…

A: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme belongs to the group of oxidoreductases. It catalyzes the…

Q: The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, mediated by glyceraldehyde…

A: The series of chemical reactions that occur inside the living body for the production of energy are…

Q: Seduheptulose is an intermediate in respiratory and photosynthetic pathways and plays a vital role…

A: a. The stable form of sugars like pentose and hexose sugars are five or six-atom rings and these…

Q: The enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) normallL can be imported into mitochondria by appending a…

A: This is because methotrexate acts as a competitive inhibitors against the mitochondrial signal…

Q: Lithium ion inhibits the synthesis of inositol trisphosphate by inhibiting a reaction in the…

A: Hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) gives Inositol triphosphate, which is a…

Q: Briefly discuss why each of the three common forms of galactosemia involves impaired utilization of…

A: Galactosemia is defined as a disorder that affects the body processes a sugar called galactose in…

Q: The initlial reactions in the biosynthesis of the amino acid aspartate at 298 Kare Carbamoyphosphate…

A: The biosynthesis of amino acids is based on several biosynthetic pathways. These pathways require…

Q: Arachidonic acid (mm) 0.295 0.354 0.531 0.885 2.07 Vmax = Km Rate of formation of PGG2 (mM/min) =…

A: Kinetic  parametersFor a one-substrate enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the Michaelis-Menten equation…

Q: Why does this step in particular proceed spontaneously under typical cellular conditions?

A: Glycolysis is defined as a series of enzymatic reactions that convert one molecule of glucose, a…

Q: The catalytic mechanism of an enzyme found in the mitochondrial matrix (pH = 7.8) depends on an…

A: Dissociation of a weak acid is mathematically described by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH =…

Q: The reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase has a ΔG°′ value of +29.7 kJ⋅mol−1. Given what this…

A: Free energy changes in biochemical reactions are denoted by ΔG°', the biochemical standard…

Q: For the mitochondrial membrane described in pic, how many protons must be transported to provide…

A: Reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 retains most of the free energy produced during the process glucose…

Q: Phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA) is a potent inhibitor of aspartate transcarbamoylase because it…

A: Enzymes are biocatalysts that catalyse biochemical reactions. They contain an active site where the…

Q: The Km and kcat for fumarase with fumarate as a substrate are 5 × 10−6 M and 8 × 102 s−1,…

A: The citric acid cycle is the metabolic pathway, during which the oxaloacetate is formed from the…

Q: The clinical signs of two types of galactosemia—galactokinase deficiency or UDPglucose: galactose…

A: Galactosemia is a rare inherited metabolic condition that impairs a person's ability to effectively…

Q: All the dehydrogenases of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle use NAD+ (E°' for NAD+/NADH is -0.32…

A: NADH/FADH2 are also known as reducing equivalents. These reducing equivalents are produced in the…

Q: In a major metabolic pathway involving the monosaccharide glucose, one of the reactions involve the…

A: The given reaction represents the first reaction of the glycolysis pathway. In this reaction, the…

Q: During glycogen synthesis, glucose-1P is converted into a molecule called UDPG. This reaction also…

A: The glycogen synthesis takes place in animal tissues. The glycogen synthesis begins with glucose 6-…

Q: Prostaglandins are a class of eicosanoids, fatty acid derivatives with a variety of extremely potent…

A: Lineweaver bark plot - The Lineweaver Burk plot is a graphical representation of enzyme kinetics.…

Q: The catalytic mechanism of an enzyme found in the mitochondrial matrix (pH = 7.8) depends on an…

A: Enzymes are high molecular-weight protein molecules that catalyse biochemical reactions. The…

Q: The phosphorylation and oxidative decarboxylation of oxaloacetate by inorganic phosphate (Pi) to…

A: In biochemical processes, the energetics of reactions play a crucial role in determining their…

Q: Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phos- phate concentration is about 10 mM.…

A: ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is the energy stored in the body which is produces as the result of…

Q: A mutated IDH1 isoenzyme is found in a high percentage of a type of brain cancer called…

A: Citric acid cycle is part of aerobic respiration. This is one of the most important step in the…

Q: velocity (rate of formation Velocity with 10 mg/ml ibuprofen (mM/min) [arachidonic acid] (mM) 1/[S]…

A: A Lineweaver-Burk plot(double reciprocal plot) is used to calculate the Km and Vmax. The…

Q: Two pathways that yield NADPH in the cytosol, needed for fatty acid biosynthesis, are: (1) (2)

A: Since there are multiple questions and which question is to be solved has not been specified, as per…

Q: In the mitochondrial disease MNGIE a deficiency of thymidine phosphorylase causes dTTP to accumulate…

A: Mitochondria is one of the cell organelles and is involved in the generation of energy. They possess…

Q: Briefly discuss why each of the three common forms of galactosemia involves impaired utilization of…

A: Galactose is a form of monosaccharide carbohydrate found abundantly in humans' diet and used up by…

Q: The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane…

A: In the process of oxidative phosphorylation, oxygen is consumed as electrons are transported along…

Q: In the hexokinase reaction (in glycolysis) Keq caclualtion, what is the OBVIOUS problem with getting…

A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical…

Q: Malate dehydrogenase has a ΔGo′ΔGo′= 29.5 kJ/mol for the formation of oxaloacetate from malate yet…

A: The three primary metabolic processes that occur in cells to create energy are known as aerobic…