Q: List the protein complexes in the mitochondrial ETC anddescribe their functions.
A: The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes that transfers electrons from electron…
Q: Please explain why the addition of dinitrophenol (DNP) to cells would inhibit the import of ADP into…
A: Glycolysis generates two ATP and two NADH molecules. The TCA cycle also generates a bunch of…
Q: The NADH produced in the cytosol is transported to the mitochondrial intermembrane space via the
A: The energy required by the cell to carry out its essential process is generally the ATP molecules.…
Q: According to the chemiosmotic theory, what would be theeffect on oxidative phosphorylation of…
A: During glycolysis, citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, reduced electron carriers, NADH, and…
Q: electron transport chain,
A: The ETC stands for Electron transport chain process that occurs in the mitochondria. It helps to…
Q: Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes…
A: The structure is called a lipid bi-layer because it is composed of two layers of fat cells organized…
Q: Define chemiosmosis and explain how a gradient of protons is established across the inner…
A: ATP (Adenosine triphosphate synthesis is an important part of oxidative phosphorylation. ATP is the…
Q: If the mitochondrial inner membrane potential was depolarized (switched from + to -), what effect…
A: Protein translocation: Protein translocation is the process in which the protein enters into the…
Q: What would be some of the challenges involved in removing respiratory complexes from the inner…
A: Mitochondria are organelle that are present in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the…
Q: Explain why oxygen diffusion across a plasma membrane is affected by a cell’s O2 concentration but…
A: Diffusion is the concentration-dependent movement of fluid particles. The fluid particles move from…
Q: Explain how a gradient of protons is established across the inner mitochondrial membrane during…
A: Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure down their…
Q: In the process of electron and H transport in the mitochondrial inner membrane, which of the…
A: Mitochondria are the membrane-bound organelles that produce the energy required to power the various…
Q: Complex III delivers 4 protons. Where do these 4 come from UQH2 mitochondrial intermembrane space…
A: Introduction :- The electron transport chain's Complex III, also known as Q-cytochrome c…
Q: Make a rough drawing of the four complexes in the Electron Transport Chain. Label each side of the…
A: The electron transport chain is the process by which the reducing equivalents are oxidized. The…
Q: Is mitochondrial ATP synthase an integral membrane protein?
A: An integral membrane protein is a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the…
Q: calculate the largest ratio of ATP/(ADP)(Pi) under which synthesis of ATP can occur. (gas constant…
A: The free energy change (∆G) per mole for the protons through the inner membrane of the mitochondria…
Q: explain why oxidative phosphorylation is an emergent property of the mitochondria
A: The mitochondria is one of the important cell organelle present in the eukaryotic cell. The…
Q: In what sense is mitochondrial ATP synthase a motor protein?
A: ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme. It is localized on the inner mitochondrial membrane. It…
Q: Explain in your own words the transport of four protons out of the mitochondrial matrix via the Q…
A: In electron transport (ETC), the quinol Q cycle is the series of reactions of the oxidation and…
Q: The role of a subunit of F0 (2 choices are correct)
A: ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme machinery which is located in the inner membrane of…
Q: Mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids is a major source of ATP, yet fatty acids can be oxidized…
A: Introduction All cells require energy to survive and energy comes from respiration or metabolism.…
Q: Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes…
A: Complex 1- electrons go to Complex 1, 4 protons pumped from matrix to intermembrane space. Complex…
Q: How do proteins targeted to the mitochondrial matrix reach their destination?
A: Mitochondria is the cell organelle which is responsible for the production of the energy in the…
Q: Energy-consuming active transport is used to move protons in all of the following directions except:…
A: Active transport This is the process of moving molecules across the membrane by utilizing cellular…
Q: Explain why an intact, impermeable mitochondrial membrane is essential forATP synthesis.
A: Oxidative phosphorylation is considered as a process, in which ATP is synthesized, which is utilized…
Q: A gene mutation in a cell results in a non-functional MSF protein, explain the role of the MSF…
A: INTRODUCTION Gene mutation Gene mutation is the mutation happens in gene that can cause change in…
Q: A mitochondrial matrix protein is maintained in its unfolded state by a chaperone protein before…
A: Answer: MITOCHONDRIA = It is the self-autonomous cell organelle which is also known as "POWERHOUSE…
Q: Suppose you are planning experiments to measure oxygen consumption in a preparation of inverted…
A: Given: NADH and succinate are substrates that can be oxidized and will consume oxygen. Rotenone and…
Q: Describe the impact of each of the following on cellular respiration 1. A mutation in ubiquinone…
A: Cellular respiration, the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules,…
Q: Describe the processes that are driven by mitochondrial electron transport.
A: Electron transport is part of cellular respiration.
Q: The proteins of the electron transport chain of cellular respiration are embedded within the O…
A: Ans 26. Eukaryotes are organisms that have a well-developed nucleus inside a nuclear envelope within…
Q: .I have 22 mitochondrial genes that changed significantly, and 10 vesicular transport genes- does…
A: Mitochondria is a double membrane organelle with a rod like shape. It produces chemical energy…
Q: Explain the organization of electron carriers in mitochondrial membrane.
A: The inner mitochondrial membrane contains various components of the electron transport system. It…
Q: he shuttle mechanism which transports fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix uses as the carrier…
A: Fatty acids are the long aliphatic chain having a carboxyl group in the end. The fatty acid is…
Q: Proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane are involved in which of the following processes? a.…
A: Mitochondria is called as power house of the cell as it is the main cell organelle responsible for…
Q: In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics results indicate…
A: Complex I is the first enzyme of the respiratory chain. It oxidizes NADH, which is generated through…
Q: The Fo subunit of the ATP synthase is present in the ______ while the F1 subunit is in the ____.…
A: The ATP synthase is described as a mitochondrial enzyme that is localized in the inner membrane.…
Q: Fill in the bold using the table. Because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to L,…
A: Acetyl-CoA is produced by the breakdown of both carbohydrates and lipids. It then enters the citric…
Q: propose a mechanism that could allow pyruvate to cross the mitochondrial memebranes to enter the…
A: Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis that occurs in the cytosol.
Q: In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics results indicate…
A: NADH-coenzyme Q oxidoreductase, also known as NADH dehydrogenase or complex I, is the first protein…
Q: Describe the involvements of the followings in the electron transport centre in the inner…
A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is responsible for the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 molecules…
Q: E A C F В H O2 G Fumarate
A: The electron transport chain is a process in which the NADH and [FADH2] that is produced during…
Q: List down the specific functions of the component structures of mitochondrion relative to cellular…
A: The mitochondrion is a membrane-bound organelle. It is called as powerhouse of the cell, it plays a…
Q: Cells that lack mitochondrial PEP carboxykinase transferoxaloacetate into the cytoplasm using the…
A: Oxaloacetate must be transported from the matrix to the cytoplasm but there is no such transport…
Q: During chemiosmosis, ATP synthase ____________________. Select all that apply produces ATP in the…
A: Chemiosmosis refers to the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, down…
Q: Suppose that the cytochrome complexes were not embedded within the mitochondrial inner membrane.…
A: The term chemiosmosis refers to the movement of chemical species from its higher concentration to…
Q: Only 37 of the proteins in mitochondria are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA. The other proteins are…
A: Mitochondria is spherical, double membrane bound organelle which has distinct functions and has two…
Q: Briefly explain the structure and sequence of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain while…
A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is a set of protein complexes that helps in the transfer of…
Explain how Ca2+, NOS/RNS and mitochondrial membrane transfer problems are inter-related and how/why this kills cells.
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- Would mitochondrial transmembrane transport of a protein bound for the mitochondrial intermembrane space involve TOM, TIM or both?Only 37 of the proteins in mitochondria are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA. The other proteins are encoded in nuclear DNA, then translated and transported to the mitochondria. Describe one unique feature of protein transport across mitochondrial membranes.For each of the following statements regarding protein import into mitochondria, indicate whether it is likely to be true or false. [Select] into the mitochondria matrix. [Select] [Select] being translated [Select] unfolded state. The signal sequence is always retained after proteins are imported Chaperon proteins are needed for protein import into mitochondria ✓ Imported proteins cross the mitochondrial membrane while it is still Proteins imported into mitochondria cross the membrane in
- Would mitochondrial transmembrane transport of a protein bound for the mitochondria intramembrane space involve TOM, TIM or both?Digoxin, a toxin derived from the foxglove (shown), can be used to treat heart disorders such as atrial fibrillation. Digoxin's mechanism of action is to inhibit the Na+/K+ ATPase. Which of the following is the most likely side effect of Digoxin treatment? O Failure to transport glucose into cells while fasting (not eating) O Failure to transport Ht into lysosomes using direct active transport O Failure to transport glucose into cells after a meal O Failure to secrete pancreatic digestive enzymes in response to eatingUsing the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1. takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 2. produces H2O as a by-product 3. results in a rich yield of ATP 4. takes place in the cytosol 5. processes acetyl-CoA 6. takes place in the mitochondrial innermembrane cristae 7. converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules 8. uses molecular oxygen 9. accomplished by the electron transport system and ATP synthase (a) glycolysis (b) citric acid cycle (c) oxidative phosphorylation
- Animal cells utilize rapid increases in cytosolic Ca++ ion concentration to respond to certain extracellular signals. This requires keeping the cytosolic Ca++ ion concentration very low in the absence of signal (when the cell is “at rest”) and increasing the cytosolic Ca++ ion concentration when a signal is detected. Propose a mechanism by which the action of Ca++ transport proteins in the plasma membrane can account for the reversibility of Ca++ levels in the cytosol. Be sure to indicate whether active or passive transport is involved as well as the type of transport protein (channel or carrier) responsible.Explain the reason why mitochondria requires a special translocator to import proteins across the outer membrane, when the membrane already has porins.In a rare inherited disorder, called Wilson’s disease, excessive amounts of copper accumulate in liver and brain tissue. A prominent symptom of the disease is the deposition of copper in greenishbrown layers surrounding the cornea, called Kayser–Fleischer rings. A defective ATP-dependent protein that transports copper across cell membranes causes Wilson’s disease. Apparently, the copper transport protein is required to incorporate copper into ceruloplasmin and to excrete excess copper. In addition to a diet low in copper, Wilson’s disease is treated with zinc sulfate and the chelating agent penicillamine (p. 148). Describe how these treatments work. [Hint: Metallothionein has a greater affinity for copper than for zinc.]
- Name the three classes of membrane transport proteins. Explain which one or ones of these classes is able to move glucose and which can move bicarbonate (HCO3 −) against an electrochemical gradient. In the case of bicarbonate, but not glucose, the ΔG of the transport process has two terms.What are these two terms, and why does the second not apply to glucose? Why are cotransporters often referred to as examples of secondary active transport?Name the three classes of membrane transport proteins. Explain which one or ones of these classes is able to move glucose and which can move bicarbonate (HCO3−) against an electrochemical gradient. In the case of bicarbonate, but not glucose, the ΔG of the transport process has two terms. What are these two terms, and why does the second not apply to glucose? Why are cotransporters often referred to as examples of secondary active transport?There is a relatively high concentration of phosphatidylcholine on the lumenal side of the ER membrane. What feature of membranes is responsible for this effect?
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