quiz

docx

School

Ashford University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

COGNITIVE

Subject

Psychology

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

36

Uploaded by DrThunder12776

Report
Question 1 1 / 1 pts Cognitive theorists are PRIMARILY concerned with all of the following EXCEPT: reacting decision making anticipating problem solving Question 2 1 / 1 pts Lin, a physical therapist, is paid every week. In this case, Lin is on what kind of schedule of reinforcement? variable-ratio variable-interval fixed interval fixed-ratio Question 3 1 / 1 pts George looks at the clock and sees that it is 12;30 p.m. He thinks, “I’d better go to the cafeteria now and eat my lunch.” What kind of behavior is George’s latter action? conditioned stimulus conditioned response
unconditioned stimulus unconditioned response Question 4 1 / 1 pts Because Sharon does not want to seem too needy, she only responds to every third text message she receives from Jamal. In doing so, she has placed Jamal on a _____ schedule of reinforcement. variable-interval variable-ratio fixed-interval fixed-ratio Question 5 1 / 1 pts Daryl’s mom makes him wash the dining room wall where he drew on it with markers. Of what is this scenario an example? positive reinforcement negative reinforcement positive punishment negative punishment Question 6 1 / 1 pts Which of the following illustrates vicarious reinforcement?
Making your friends laugh when you imitate your teacher Earning employee of the month Being a bench player on a champion team Taking singing lessons because your sister is a successful singer Question 7 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is the BEST example of symbolic modeling ? Practicing a song on the piano after seeing your piano teacher play it Eating spinach after seeing Popeye eat spinach Cooking an omelet after seeing your Mom make one Shooting free throws after watching your roommate make five in a row Question 8 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is one of the underlying principles of cognitive psychology? Previously acquired skills are unrelated to new learning. All learners are equal. Learning involves thought and imagination. Learning is based on the relationship between stimulus and response.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Question 9 1 / 1 pts Whenever Ben wants time alone with his girlfriend, he puts a sock on the door knob of the dorm room he shares with Joey. If Joey comes in the room when the sock is on the door knob, Ben will yell at him. The sock is a negative reinforcer. discriminative stimulus. unconditioned stimulus. primary reinforcer. Question 10 1 / 1 pts The dominant metaphor in cognitive psychology is the hidden majority of an iceberg. computer-based information processing. the multiple layers of an onion. an oak tree with many branches. Question 11 1 / 1 pts Which of these is an example of a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement? A slot machine pays off at 3:30, 4:30, 6:30, and 10:00 every day. You are paid for every 10 newspapers you deliver. You are paid every 2 weeks.
Your favorite team wins 60 percent of its games. Question 12 1 / 1 pts What does instinctive drift prove? that all behaviors are basically instinctive that traditional operant theory applies to all organisms that conditioning is superior to biologically based tendencies that not all behaviors can be conditioned and maintained Question 13 1 / 1 pts When baby Frances says, “daaa,” her father says, “Yes, I’m daddy!” Eventually, thanks to her father’s continuous reinforcement, Frances will finally say “daddy.” What is the term for this gradual development of language? emergentism interactionist theory the language acquisition device nativism Question 14 1 / 1 pts Louis and his three sons have assimilated into a group of people who reenact Civil War battles on summer weekends. They share the stories, props, and
language that is common to Civil War reenactors. This type of enculturation is closest to which learning theory? operant conditioning Sapir-Whorf social-cognitive behavioristic Question 15 1 / 1 pts According to Bandura, all of the following are required for us to be agents of our own actions, EXCEPT intentionality. self-efficacy. rewards. forethought. Incorrect Question 16 0 / 1 pts Kumail has an intrinsically good memory, which experts would MOST LIKELY suggest results from all of the following factors EXCEPT organization of materials. motivation. memorization.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
intact neural structures. The answer can be found in Chapter 6, Section 6.1, What Is Memory? Question 17 1 / 1 pts To estimate a child’s IQ, why would a researcher employ the Goodenough- Harris test? Other tests are inconclusive and can actually confuse results. Other tests only assess a child’s conceptual sophistication. Drawing tests are nonverbal and nonthreatening to a child. Verbal tests are typically easier for a child. Incorrect Question 18 0 / 1 pts False memory syndrome suggests that we may not be able to trust _____ as an explanation for forgetting. fading interference retrieval cue failure repression The answer can be found in Chapter 6, Section 6.3, Forgetting. Question 19 1 / 1 pts Flashbulb memories are typically what? vague but accurate
vague and inaccurate vivid and accurate vivid but inaccurate Question 20 1 / 1 pts The belief that intelligence can improve through work and effort is known as _____ theory. entity incremental distortion geometric Question 21 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is the BEST example of a mnemonic device known as an acronym ? DIY = Do It Yourself I before E except after C FACE = musical notes in the spaces between the treble clef staff lines Little Cats Drink Milk = ascending order of Roman numerals Incorrect Question 22
0 / 1 pts Research supports that intelligence is associated with _____. motivation creativity happiness loyalty The answer can be found in Chapter 6, Section 6.5, What Is Intelligence? Question 23 1 / 1 pts Dizygotic twins are the result of fertilization by one sperm of one egg. the result of fertilization by one sperm of two eggs. also known as fraternal twins. also known as identical twins. Question 24 1 / 1 pts What does research claim long-term memories tend to be? persistent but inaccurate rapidly lost and inaccurate persistent and accurate
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
rapidly lost but accurate Question 25 1 / 1 pts Arthur is given a list of random words--including tiger, suitcase, and banana-- to remember. He remembers each word by mentally “placing” it somewhere in his bedroom. He imagines a tiger on his bed, a suitcase on a chair, and a banana on a nightstand. Arthur is using the _____ method of remembering. loci phonetic link acronym Question 26 1 / 1 pts Stern’s 1956 hypothesis compares a person’s inherited intelligence to a ______ that can be enlarged (via experience) to its manifested intelligence. helium balloon rubber band clay sculpture tape measure Question 27 1 / 1 pts Vincent has been a football coach at Faber College since 1990. Recently, all the players on the 1990 team visited him to honor his time at the school.
Because Vincent has coached so many other players since then, he has trouble remembering all the names of the players from 1990. His forgetting is due to retroactive interference. proactive interference. distortion. retrieval cue failure. Question 28 1 / 1 pts Which of the following class of abilities is NOT a component of the triarchic theory of successful intelligence? Analytical Creative Kinesthetic Practical Question 29 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is an example of a three-letter stimulus used by Ebbinghaus in his study of working memory? rug gur nil
cat Question 30 1 / 1 pts Why do researchers have difficulty testing short-term memory? Test subjects often do not understand the complex instructions. It is hard to control for test subjects’ previous learning. It is hard to control for testing bias by the researchers. Test subjects often lie to avoid humiliation. Question 1 1 / 1 pts When baby Frances says, “daaa,” her father says, “Yes, I’m daddy!” Eventually, thanks to her father’s continuous reinforcement, Frances will finally say “daddy.” What is the term for this gradual development of language? emergentism interactionist theory the language acquisition device nativism Question 2 1 / 1 pts A peanut is placed in the bottom of a tube in a chimpanzee’s cage. The chimpanzee cannot reach the peanut or manipulate the tube. After trying unsuccessfully to reach in the tube, the chimpanzee suddenly runs to a drinking tube, fills his mouth with water, and spits in the tube until the
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
peanut rises to a reachable level. The chimpanzee has solved this problem through insight. observational learning. shaping. negative reinforcement. Question 3 1 / 1 pts Every time baby Anthony wants milk, he points to the refrigerator and says, “muh-luh!” In this case, “muh-luh!” is an example of a ________. passive word phoneme protoword holophrase Question 4 1 / 1 pts Which of the following scenarios involves the process known as insight ? A dog is taught to bring in the morning newspaper every day. A lab rat jumps to avoid an electric shock. A crow likes to eat insects more than worms.
A sea otter uses a stone to hammer abalone shells open for food. Question 5 1 / 1 pts How were Australian quolls conditioned in order to keep them from going extinct? Through baits and visual and odor cues, they were conditioned to eat only insects and small lizards. Through baits and visual and odor cues, they were conditioned to avoid eating poisonous toads. Through rewards, they were conditioned to stay in their safe, natural habitats. Through punishments, they were conditioned to avoid predator environments. Question 6 1 / 1 pts Rick loses his driver’s license after being arrested for driving while intoxicated. This is an example of negative punishment. positive punishment. negative reinforcement. positive reinforcement. Question 7 1 / 1 pts ____ is a primary reinforcer, and ____ is a secondary reinforcer.
Money; drink Applause; sleep Praise; food Sex; money Question 8 1 / 1 pts What did Pavlov first notice that eventually led to his experiments with classical conditioning? Inexperienced lab dogs salivated when they heard a bell. Experienced lab dogs salivated when they saw their food. Inexperienced lab dogs salivated when they saw their handlers. Experienced lab dogs salivated when they saw their handlers. Incorrect Question 9 0 / 1 pts Which of the following meanings of “mommy” is an example of a holophrase? “Bring me some cookies and milk.” “Come here, mother.” “Where is my mother?” “Why is my mother sad?”
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
The answer can be found in Chapter 5, Section 5.5, Language and Cognition. Question 10 1 / 1 pts Most English sentences have a subject, a verb, and an object, in that order. An example of this is “Bob caught the ball.” Rules such as these are collectively known as phonemes. semantics. syntax. pragmatics. Question 11 1 / 1 pts Which statement about physical punishment is TRUE? It can change a child’s feelings about the punisher. It is more effective than reinforcement. It improves adjustment and behavior later in life. It presents a guide for desirable behavior. Question 12 1 / 1 pts All of the following constitute cognitive approaches to learning EXCEPT: reciprocal teaching discovery learning
teaching strategies using positive stimuli Incorrect Question 13 0 / 1 pts Which of the following scenarios is the BEST example of a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement? Lexi receives profits on every five insurance policies she sells. Lexi receives one-fourth of the company’s profits every 90 days. Lexi receives one-fourth of the company’s profits whenever profits come in. Lexi receives company profits whenever profits come in. The answer can be found in Chapter 5, Section 5.2, Behavioristic Explanations of Learning. Question 14 1 / 1 pts Why is the application of positive punishment in the classroom discouraged by most behaviorists? It is very effective in eliminating undesirable behavior but not very effective in teaching desirable behavior. It is not very effective in eliminating undesirable behavior and even less effective in teaching desirable behavior. It is not very effective in eliminating undesirable behavior, although it is effective in teaching desirable behavior. It is often effective in eliminating undesirable behavior; however, most of today’s parents frown upon its use.
Question 15 1 / 1 pts Which of these is an example of an operant? Kicking when the doctor hits your knee with a rubber hammer Blinking when air is blown into your eye Shaking hands when you meet a stranger Laughing when someone tickles you Question 16 1 / 1 pts Without writing it down, Jeremiah remembers his grocery list by imagining each item in a specific location in his apartment. What is Jeremiah’s memory strategy? the numeric method the Loci method the link system the phonetic system Question 17 1 / 1 pts What are the three stages of the most common model of memory? sensory, fleeting, permanent event-related, phonological, long-term
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
initial, semantic, permanent sensory, working, long-term Question 18 1 / 1 pts Dizygotic twins are the result of fertilization by one sperm of one egg. the result of fertilization by one sperm of two eggs. also known as fraternal twins. also known as identical twins. Question 19 1 / 1 pts The belief that intelligence can improve through work and effort is known as _____ theory. entity incremental distortion geometric Question 20 1 / 1 pts Dina is studying for the Ohio bar exam in order to be certified to practice law in that state. She studies civil law on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays and
criminal law on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. What study strategy is Dina using? self-explanation interrogation interleaving summarizing Question 21 1 / 1 pts Approximately 17 percent of people have an IQ above 115. above 100. below 40. between 85 and 115. Incorrect Question 22 0 / 1 pts Regarding measured intelligence, when do twins resemble each other the MOST? when they are older adults when they are adults when they are teens
when they are young The answer can be found in Chapter 6, Section 6.7, Influences on Intelligence . Incorrect Question 23 0 / 1 pts Claire was watching TV in a house next to a bodega where a shooting occurred. To get the MOST accurate answer, when should someone ask Claire how many gunshots she recalls hearing? immediately within one hour by the end of that day after she’s had time to reflect The answer can be found in Chapter 6, Section 6.2, The Modal Model of Memory. Question 24 1 / 1 pts In the Jason Bourne films, the lead character—an injured assassin played by Matt Damon—does not remember his name or his history. However, he does remember how to speak several languages and fight bad guys. Bourne’s memory is explicit and declarative. implicit and declarative. explicit and nondeclarative. implicit and nondeclarative.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Question 25 1 / 1 pts At 1 p.m., a researcher presents five words— chair, tree, symphony , pony , and climate —to Lavonne, a test subject . At 1:15 p.m., the researcher asks Lavonne to recall those five words in the same order they were presented to her. What type of recall task is this? cued free serial paired Question 26 1 / 1 pts The Draw-a-Person Test is LEAST useful for identifying _______. high intellectual functioning low intellectual functioning average intellectual functioning children’s intellectual functioning Question 27 1 / 1 pts When you arrive in class, your professor asks, “Did you see a bird sitting in a tree on your way here?” You are not sure because you had not been paying attention. What is most likely is that the bird, like most of what you saw, entered your _____ memory. echoic
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
iconic short-term long-term Question 28 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is TRUE? IQ tests typically measure creativity. IQ predicts success in school. IQ tests favor minority groups. IQ does not change. Question 29 1 / 1 pts Which of the following summarizes the Flynn effect? IQ throughout the world has been increasing approximately 3 points per decade. IQ throughout the world has been decreasing approximately 3 points per decade. IQ has been steadily increasing in the United States but decreasing in Europe. IQ has been steadily decreasing in the United States but increasing throughout the rest of the world.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Question 30 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is an encoding technique that works best if distributed over days rather than hours? Rehearsal Elaboration Imagery Organization Question 1 1 / 1 pts Most English sentences have a subject, a verb, and an object, in that order. An example of this is “Bob caught the ball.” Rules such as these are collectively known as phonemes. semantics. syntax. pragmatics. Question 2 1 / 1 pts Louis and his three sons have assimilated into a group of people who reenact Civil War battles on summer weekends. They share the stories, props, and language that is common to Civil War reenactors. This type of enculturation is closest to which learning theory? operant conditioning Sapir-Whorf
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
social-cognitive behavioristic Question 3 1 / 1 pts A peanut is placed in the bottom of a tube in a chimpanzee’s cage. The chimpanzee cannot reach the peanut or manipulate the tube. After trying unsuccessfully to reach in the tube, the chimpanzee suddenly runs to a drinking tube, fills his mouth with water, and spits in the tube until the peanut rises to a reachable level. The chimpanzee has solved this problem through insight. observational learning. shaping. negative reinforcement. Question 4 1 / 1 pts Which scenario is the BEST example of the eliciting effect ? Caroline asks for karate lessons because her sister is taking karate lessons. Rohan takes up water skiing after he sees his brother having fun surfing. Des abandons writing sonnets after his short story earns only a C-. Katie and her cousin start a test-prep business together.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Incorrect Question 5 0 / 1 pts Gus notices that the school bully is very popular, so Gus begins bullying students as well. Gus’s imitative behavior is best explained by the _____ effect. disinhibitory inhibitory eliciting modeling The answer can be found in Chapter 5, Section 5.4, Cognitive Explanations of Learning. Question 6 1 / 1 pts When baby Frances says, “daaa,” her father says, “Yes, I’m daddy!” Eventually, thanks to her father’s continuous reinforcement, Frances will finally say “daddy.” What is the term for this gradual development of language? emergentism interactionist theory the language acquisition device nativism Question 7 1 / 1 pts Which of the following meanings of “mommy” is an example of a holophrase? “Bring me some cookies and milk.”
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
“Come here, mother.” “Where is my mother?” “Why is my mother sad?” Incorrect Question 8 0 / 1 pts As part of the story of Little Albert, John Watson smashed a construction hammer against a steel bar. Little Albert’s crying in response to that sound was a(n) unconditioned stimulus. unconditioned response. conditioned stimulus. conditioned response. The answer can be found in Chapter 5, Section 5.2, Behavioristic Explanations of Learning. Question 9 1 / 1 pts Pedro cleans his room to make his mother stop nagging him. This is an example of negative punishment. positive punishment. negative reinforcement.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
positive reinforcement. Question 10 1 / 1 pts Which of the following illustrates vicarious reinforcement? Making your friends laugh when you imitate your teacher Earning employee of the month Being a bench player on a champion team Taking singing lessons because your sister is a successful singer Question 11 1 / 1 pts Daryl’s mom makes him wash the dining room wall where he drew on it with markers. Of what is this scenario an example? positive reinforcement negative reinforcement positive punishment negative punishment Question 12 1 / 1 pts Ashley’s dad says, “We can go to the playground after you pick up your toy trucks.” Which of the following is at work in this scenario? positive punishment negative punishment
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
positive reinforcement negative reinforcement Question 13 1 / 1 pts George looks at the clock and sees that it is 12;30 p.m. He thinks, “I’d better go to the cafeteria now and eat my lunch.” What kind of behavior is George’s latter action? conditioned stimulus conditioned response unconditioned stimulus unconditioned response Question 14 1 / 1 pts A ______ is any distinct unit of sound in a specific language that distinguishes one word from another; for example, p , b , d , and t in the English words pad , pat , bad , and bat . syntax morpheme pragmatic phoneme Question 15
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
1 / 1 pts What did Pavlov first notice that eventually led to his experiments with classical conditioning? Inexperienced lab dogs salivated when they heard a bell. Experienced lab dogs salivated when they saw their food. Inexperienced lab dogs salivated when they saw their handlers. Experienced lab dogs salivated when they saw their handlers. Question 16 1 / 1 pts Your teacher reads a list of 12 words, and then asks you to say, in any order, as many of them as you can remember. Your teacher is testing your paired learning. cued recall. serial recall. free recall. Incorrect Question 17 0 / 1 pts Natasha is 8 years old but is performing at the level of a 10-year-old. Her IQ is 80. 95. 110.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
125. The answer can be found in Chapter 6, Section 6.6, Measuring Intelligence. Question 18 1 / 1 pts Research supports that intelligence is associated with _____. motivation creativity happiness loyalty Question 19 1 / 1 pts Event-related potential illustrates _____, while event-related fields illustrate _____. memory of words; memory of numbers memory of numbers; memory of words electrical activity in the brain; changes resulting from electrical activity in the brain changes resulting from electrical activity in the brain; electrical activity in the brain Question 20 1 / 1 pts “IQ tests measure everything about intelligence that is important.” This statement is a _____.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
fact theory goal myth Question 21 1 / 1 pts The Draw-a-Person Test is LEAST useful for identifying _______. high intellectual functioning low intellectual functioning average intellectual functioning children’s intellectual functioning Question 22 1 / 1 pts Jenny and Fernando have just come back from vacationing in Florida. When they tell their friends about the vacation, they may have different memories of the same experiences, but both are using _____ memory. implicit semantic autobiographical sensory
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Question 23 1 / 1 pts When 17 qualified memory experts were asked their opinion on repressed memories recollected later in life, what did the majority think? They were convinced that repressed memories could be valid memories. They were highly skeptical of the accuracy of these memories. They were certain that the therapists who draw out repressed memories are frauds. They were sure that those who recalled these memories were seeking attention. Incorrect Question 24 0 / 1 pts What is the first step in the process of “filing” memories? encoding retrieving storing recording The answer can be found in Chapter 6, Section 6.1, What Is Memory? Question 25 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is the BEST example of a mnemonic device known as an acronym ? DIY = Do It Yourself
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
I before E except after C FACE = musical notes in the spaces between the treble clef staff lines Little Cats Drink Milk = ascending order of Roman numerals Question 26 1 / 1 pts Flashbulb memories are typically what? vague but accurate vague and inaccurate vivid and accurate vivid but inaccurate Question 27 1 / 1 pts Why do researchers have difficulty testing short-term memory? Test subjects often do not understand the complex instructions. It is hard to control for test subjects’ previous learning. It is hard to control for testing bias by the researchers. Test subjects often lie to avoid humiliation. Question 28 1 / 1 pts Working memory is limited to approximately _____ items.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
seven five three nine Question 29 1 / 1 pts Stanley has won five Trivial Pursuit contests and has appeared on such game shows as Jeopardy and Who Wants to Be A Millionaire? His success in these contests is due to his exceptional _____ memory. implicit semantic sensory autobiographical Question 30 1 / 1 pts Leigh remembers exactly where she was in 1998, when she learned that her brother had died in a skiing accident. What type of memory is this? flashbulb rehearsal semantic flashback
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help