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TABLE 4.2 What Theories of Achievement Motivation Tell Us High achiever Low achiever Motivational orientation Attributions Goals adopted Perceived competence and control Task choice Performance ¢ High motivation to achieve success ¢ | ow motivation to avoid failure ¢ Focuses on the pride of success ¢ Ascribes success to stable and inter- nal factors within one’s own control ¢ Ascribes failure to unstable and exter- nal factors outside one's own control ¢ Usually adopts an incremental or task goal ¢ Typically adopts approach goals ¢ Has high perceived competence and believes that achievement is within one's own control ¢ Seeks out challenges and able competitors and tasks * Performs well in evaluative conditions * Low motivation to achieve success * High motivation to avoid failure ¢ Focuses on shame and worry that may result from failure * Ascribes success to unstable and external factors outside one's own control * Ascribes failure to stable and internal factors within one's own control * Usually adopts outcome or entity goals * Typically adopts avoidance goals * Has low perceived competence and believes that achievement is outside one's own control ¢ Avoids challenges; seeks out very dif- ficult or very easy tasks and compelitors ¢ Performs poorly in evaluative