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1 Positive Self-talk and Self-Esteem Ayesha Patel Department of Psychology, University of Houston PSYC2305: Introduction to Methods in Psychology Dr. Wilson March 9, 2023
2 Abstract The way in which an individual talks to themselves has a direct correlation to their self esteem. Over 40% of people struggle with a lower self-esteem. They perceive themselves in a negative way which leads to self-doubt and lack of belief in oneself. This causes not only mental health issues such as depression and anxiety, but also hinders the ability of reaching maximum potential. Of the 40% who struggle with their self-esteem, the majority of them have a more negative form of self-talk. The opposite can be seen for individuals with a higher self-esteem. In the present paper, the effect positive self-talk has on improving one's self-esteem is investigated. It is hypothesized that Individuals with a positive form of self-talk will show higher levels of self-esteem than individuals with a negative form of self-talk. The current study attempts to signify and support the hypothesis.
3 Positive Self-Talk and Self-Esteem In an empirical peer review study by Burnett and Paul C (1995) the correlation between self-talk and self-esteem was measured amongst 3rd-7th grade students. A random selection took place and 269 of these students filled out a questionnaire measuring the frequency of their positive and negative self talk while also their self-esteem. The results did conclude that a more positive form of self-talk did lead to a higher self-esteem. In that study the bias from the questionnaire was a limitation which could have led to less accurate results. In another study regarding this topic by Brinthaupt et al. (2009) a self-talk scale was used to measure the inner dialogue that took place within an individual and the effect it had on them. For our study, we will be conducting it by using the same self-talk scale to measure the self-talk of a random sample of people for more precise results. This tactic should eliminate the limitation within the study done by Burnett and Paul C (1995) due to the questionnaire. The predictor variable in this experiment is positive self-talk while the criterion variable is self-esteem. The experiment will be conducted by using the self-talk scale on a random-sample of people. This group of individuals will practice positive self talk for a duration of time consisting of around one year. The original state of their brain before they begin the experiment will be measured at first and as they continue the experiment the changes will be recorded as so. The brain activity will be measured with the use of the scale along with impact or changes that take place due to the
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4 positive self-talk. What is already known from previous studies is the direct correlation between thoughts and how they help to shape one’s reality. We hypothesize that a positive form of self-talk strengthens one's self esteem. Thoughts impact actions therefore altering one’s life direction. Our study is designed to validate this finding that an individual has the ability to reprogram their mind and strengthen their self-esteem simply by the way they talk to themselves. It is created to encourage positive mindsets by showing the impact it has on bettering one's life. Most people lack awareness of this fact and let negative thoughts take control of their life. Our vision with this study is to help these people and provide them with hope and resilience needed to turn their life around. It all begins from within. The self-talk scale has been proven to be accurate and will help with the precision of the experiment. Our study will be conducted in such a way that there will be no bias and only the most accurate results. The power an individual has over their own mind will be displayed through the experiment.
5 References Hong, Xiaobin, et al. “An Empirical Test of the Self-Talk Dissonance Hypothesis: The Effects of Self-Talk Overtness and Personality on Performance.” The Sport Psychologist , ` vol. 34, no. 3, 2020, pp. 173–176., https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2019-0134. Burnett, P. C., & McCrindle, A. R. (1999). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SIGNIFICANT OTHERS' POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE STATEMENTS, SELF-TALK AND SELF-ESTEEM. Child Study Journal , 29 (1), 39. https://link-gale-com.ezproxy.lib.uh.edu/apps/doc/A57603785/AONE?u=txshracd2588&sid =bookmark-AONE&xid=3b459ea Tod, David, et al. “Effects of Self-Talk: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , vol. 33, no. 5, 2011, pp. 666–687., https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.5.666. Moser, Jason S., et al. “Third-Person Self-Talk Facilitates Emotion Regulation without Engaging Cognitive Control: Converging Evidence from ERP and Fmri.” Scientific Reports, vol. 7, no. 1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04047-3.
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