Twelve electron antineutrinos from Supernova 1987A were detected by the Kamiokande neutrino detector in Japan. This experiment consisted of a tank filled with 3 kton of water, and surrounded by photomultiplier tubes. The photomultipliers detect the Cerenkov radiation emitted by a recoiling positron that is emitted after a proton absorbs an antineutrino from the supernova. Estimate how many people on Earth could have perceived a flash of light, due to the Cerenkov radiation produced by the same process, when an antineutrino from the supernova traveled through their eyeball. Assume that eyeballs are composed primarily of water, each weighs about 10 g, and that the Earth’s population was 5 billion in 1987.

Q: V= 8 1. The mass of a neutron is 1.67 × 10-27 kg. Convert this to units of MeV/c²) Calculate the…

A: 1. Mass of neutron =1.67×10−27​Kg=939.6c2Mev​Wavelength should be in the order of inter atomic…

Q: The muon is a heavier relative of the electron; it is unstable, as we’ve seen. The tauon is an even…

A: Given: The half-life of tauon relative to muon is t=2.9X10-13 The velocity of tauon is v=0.999c.…

Q: Assume that the protons in a hot ball of protons each have a kinetic energy equal to kT, where k is…

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Q: What is the total energy of a proton whose kinetic energy is 25 GeV? What is its wavelength?

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Q: Massless particles must travel at the speed of light, while others cannot reach this speed. Why are…

A: This is related to special relativity. So, first, we need to define the relationship between mass,…

Q: Consider the decay of 235U → 231Th → 231Pa, with a half-life of 7.038x108 years for 235U and 25.5…

A: Given that:U 235→ Th 231→ Pa231   (Stable)T12, parent=T1=7.038×108 yearsT12, daughter=T2=25.5…

Q: AZ boson (m(Z) = 91.19 GeV) is produced in a hadron collider. We measure its decays into a μ- and a…

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Q: Suppose that a tau neutrino and a tau antineutrino, both of which are just barely moving, encounter…

A: Write the expression for the wavelength of light. Here, h is Planck’s constant, p is the momentum,…

Q: How big is the repulsive force of the two protons in a helium nucleus (distance - 1fm = 10-15m)? %3D…

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Q: A nuclear fusion reaction in the Sun converts 4 H nuclei to 1 He-4 nucleus. Each Hydrogen nuclei is…

A: The nuclear fusion reaction can be shown as, 4 H atoms →1 He atom   Given, the mass of the hydrogen…

Q: The fusion reaction shown is part of the proton-proton chain that occurs in the core of the sun.

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Q: A(n) 13-kg particle has energy 37,173 kg c2.  Calculate gamma (γ).

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Q: According to the article Alien Antimatter Crashes into Earth e: More than 60 years ago, future Nobel…

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Q: A long-baseline neutrino diss-appearance experiment wants to measure neutrino oscillations with an…

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Q: An energy of 30.0 eV is required to ionize a molecule of the gas inside a Geiger tube, thereby…

A: Energy required to ionize one molecule, E = 30.0 eVTotal energy, Et = 0.65 MeV = 0.65×106 eVMaximum…

Q: A proton‑antiproton annihilation takes place, leaving two photons with a combined energy of 2.50…

A: From the question, it is given that- The combined energy of photons during proton-antiproton…

Q: The flux of neutrinos through the Earth is such that about 10¹1 pass through the area of a…

A: Utilizing the energy saved by neutron breakdown, the presence of neutrinos was established. Both…

Q: Provide the answers in 90 minutes and count as 2 questions if necessary.

A: PART A:   PART B: PART C: PART D:

Q: A π meson (rest mass 135MeV/c2) moving through the laboratory at a speed of 0.998c decays into two…

A: The pi meson is moving with a velocity of 0.998c. It is moving relativistically. The rest mass…

Q: A D-T pellet is heated by intense laser beams with wavelength of 2 μm. (1) Find the D-T plasma…

A: Given that, Wavelength, λ=2 micro metre                       λ= 2×10^(–6) m

Q: Sr-90 (A=90, Z = 38) decays via B decay. Calculate the energy of the antineutrino (in keV) if the…

A: Given: Sr 90 decays via beta decay.  Kinetic energy of beta particle = 2.82 ×102 keV We have to find…

Q: Consider an ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray entering the Earth’s atmosphere (some have energies…

A: The average mass of particle is 300MeV/C2 The number of particle per square meter is 6.67×109 And…

Nuclear interactions

In nature, there are certain rules and standards for an interaction. These interactions are universally accepted. There are four types of interactions: