CNET304 Lab 1 Lab Safety, RF Parts, & Wireless Networks Standards and Technologies(301159863)
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Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum
Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & Wireless Networks Standard and
Technologies
Prepared by: Dr. Sattar Hussain,
Centennial College, 2020
Name
Student ID
Signature*
OLAWALE SALIU
301159863
*By signing above, you attest that you have contributed to this submission and confirm that all work you
have contributed to this submission is your work. Any suspicion of copying or plagiarism in this work
will result in an investigation of Academic Misconduct and may result in a “0” on the work,
School of Engineering Technology and
Applied Science (SETAS)
Information and Communication Engineering Technology
(ICET)
CNET 304 - Wireless Technology
Course Lead: Dr. Sattar Hussain Section No.
005
Obtained Mark
(out of 25)
Due Date
SEPTEMBER 19
TH
2021
Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum
Task 1: General Safety Rules
Electrical Safety
: 120V AC wall outlets should be considered with the same care as at any other
place. If equipment’s’ boxes are damaged and exposing inside electrical parts, unplug and report.
Note the red button on the wall: it turns all electrical power in the lab off and it is to be used if a
person is exposed to electrical danger.
RF Radiation Safety
:
all transmitters and their transmitting antennas must always be considered
a potential hazard of electromagnetic radiation. To be safe in the lab, the transmitter power
should be set to max 10 mW (10 dBm) and the transmitting high-gain directional antennas (dish,
yagi) always pointed to the less populated part of the room and/or above our heads. The students
should keep min 10 cm distance from any transmitting antenna. These safety precautions apply
only to the transmitting equipment, not receiving. These warning signs are used to indicate that high radio frequencies radiation may be used in lab
or area and radiation hazards exist.
Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum
Prelab Assignment
1.
[2 marks]
Can we be happy and worry-free when using mobile phones in either cell/wif-
fi/Bluetooth system? Select one answer: Never,because radiations from these systems
could be harmful to the human body.
Always Never
Sometimes
2.
[2
marks]
The
model of the human head
shows wireless energy generating heat in the head: what does this heat do to our brain?
What is SAR? Would you buy the “SAR Shield” button or a pyramid art piece and
consider to be safe from RF radiation? this heat causes an increase in temperature in the brain which in turn could lead to
harmful effects like sleep deprivation, memory loss, lack of focus. SAR stands for
Specific Absorption Rate.It is the measure of the rate at which energy is absorbed
by the human body when exposed to wireless radiations. Yes,because they help limit
the effect of RF radiation on the human body.
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Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum
Task 1: RF Parts Recognition
[9 marks]
Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum
1.
Perform an online search for each of the tabulated RF parts and connectors. Identify the
common use and draw a very simplified sketch of the part. Make the part in your sketch
recognizable. Coaxial Cable with BNC
Connectors
They are used for signal
connections such as analog
and serial digital interface
video signals, radio antennas.
BNC T Connector
It is used to connect three
cables together.
Telescopic Antenna with BNC
connector
Mainly used in television, radio,
remote control, lamps, VCD.
Coaxial Cable with N
Connectors
It
is
a
threaded,
weatherproof, medium-size
RF Connector used to join
coaxial Cables.
N
Female-to-Female
Adapter
It can be used to connect an
antenna to a device such as
hotspot, amplifier or router.
Whip
Antenna
with
N
connector
It is a collapsible whip antenna
used with receivers or spectrum
analayzers.
Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum
Cable with SMA connector It is commonly used in
microwave systems, hand-
held radio and mobile
telephone antennas.
N-to-BNC Adapter
It is used to convert an N
type cable to a BNC cable
Whip Antenna with SMA
connector
It is Primarily used with cellular
gateways and routers, such as
the RavenXTV or RV50.
N-to-SMA Adapter It is typically used to convert
a SMA cable to a N-Type
cable.
N Male-to-Male Adapter
It is used to reliably
transmit
radio-frequency
signals in the frequency
range from DC to 11GHz.
BNC 50Ω Terminator
It is used to prevent RF signals
from being reflected back from
the end of an electronic line that
would
otherwise
cause
interference.
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Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum
Task 2: Wireless Standards & RF Frequency Allocation [6 marks]
Conduct an internet search and complete the table below. Table 1: Frequency bands
Frequency
Band
Frequency
Band
Minimum Data
Rate (Mbps)
Maximum
Data
Rate
(Mbps)
Compatibility with Other
Standards
802.11b
2.4GHz
6.5 Mbps
11 Mbps
Backward Compatible
with 802.11
802.11g
2.4GHz
25 Mbps
54 Mbps
Backward
compatible
with 802.11b
802.11a
5GHz
25 Mbps
54 Mbps
Nil
802.11n
2.4GHz
&
5GHz
200 Mbps
600 Mbps
Backward Compatible
with
802.11a,802.11g,802.11b
802.11ac
5GHz
Yet to be tested
6.93 Gbps
802.11a/n
Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum
802.11ad
60 GHz
Yet to be tested
7 Gbps
Nil
Task 3: Network Types Technologies [6 marks]
Review the different network types listed in Table 2 and identify their characteristics and use.
Specify if possible their standards, range, and data rate.
Table 2: Network types and technologies
Radio System
Primary Attributes
Main Technical Characteristics
Secondary Attributes
Other Important Attributes
ZigBee
Mesh topology
915MHz and 2.4 Hz
250 kbps data rate
Low power consumption
No smartphone support
Z-Wave
Sub GHz
100kbps data rate
Mesh Topology
Low power consumption
No smartphone support
RF
Identifier
(RFID)
Able to read and write data
without direct contact.
30 KHz to 3GHz
Can
simultaneously
access
information of multiple Rf tags
Near-Field
Communication
(NFC)
Transmits data across small
distances(between 4 and 10
centmetres).
It sets up connections faster.
4.24 Kbps max data rate
It can be used in public
transportation, ticketing, check ins
and venue reviews.
More Capacity than a single large
Low power consumption
Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum
Cellular Networks
transmitter
Larger coverage area than a single
terrestrial transmitter
Smartphone support
Wi-Fi
Limited mesh topology support
Over 1 Gbps data rate
5GHz and 2.4GHz
High power consumption
Smartphone Support
Bluetooth
Mesh toplology Support with
Bluetooth mesh.
Up to 2Mbps data rate
2.4GHz
Lower Power Consumption
Smartphone support
2G,3G,4G, 5g Standards
Broadband
Wireless - LTE
Higher Bnadwidth
Low latency
Backward Compatibility
Increased spectrum flexibility
Simplified architecture
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