titration-of-vinegar-lab-report
pdf
keyboard_arrow_up
School
CUNY Bronx Community College *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
11
Subject
Chemistry
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
6
Uploaded by ProfMandrill2581
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Titration of Vinegar Lab Report
General Chemistry Lab II (George Mason University)
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Titration of Vinegar Lab Report
General Chemistry Lab II (George Mason University)
Downloaded by Lawal Damilola (adebayodamilola9111@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|33566091
Chem 213-219
Date: 10/19/2020
Experiment 007: The Titration of Vinegar
References:
Suzanne Slayden, 2018, Chemistry 213, 214, 272 Laboratory Experiments, 7th Edition, pages
19-23.
George Mason University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Name of the Lab Video;
2020.
The Titration of Vinegar, Distance Learning Fall 2020, accessed via Blackboard.
Purpose:
A common household item, vinegar, contains acetic-acid in addition to other chemicals. The
purpose of this experiment is to identify the amount of acetic acid present in vinegar, which is
essentially an acetic-acid solution. This will be accomplished by titrating the solution with a
standard base, Sodium hydroxide. The anticipated outcome of this experiment is that as the base,
Sodium hydroxide, is added to the acetic-acid, the result will yield a neutralization reaction.
Additionally, the amount of moles processed to neutralize the acetic-acid solution in Sodium
hydroxide must be the same number of moles determined in vinegar.
Materials:
-
10-mL of vinegar
-
Sodium hydroxide solution
-
Oxalic acid
-
10-mL graduated cylinder
-
Electronic balance
-
Distilled water
-
Phenolphthalein indicator
-
250-mL erlenmeyer flask
-
Burrett
-
Retort stand
-
Funnel
-
Pipette
-
100-mL volumetric flask
-
White piece of paper (this will help distinguish the color change throughout the
experiment)
-
Gloves
-
Goggles
Downloaded by Lawal Damilola (adebayodamilola9111@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|33566091
-
Beaker
Procedure:
Before the experiment begins, it is important to take caution when handling Oxalic acid due to its
corrosiveness.
1.
Initially, place Oxalic acid dihydrate crystals onto a weight boat in order to measure its
weight in grams. Tare the electronic balance and place the weight boat onto the scale and
record its weight.
2.
After obtaining a measurement of 3 grams, insert all of the weighed crystals into a
100-mL volumetric flask. Make sure that the flask is dry and clean before placing the
crystals.
3.
Next, add 50-75 mL of distilled water and carefully mix the solution by swirling the
flask.
(While waiting for the crystals to dissolve, you can save time by preparing the Sodium
hydroxide solution, which will be used for Part 2 of this lab.)
4.
While the crystals are dissolving, fill the 100-mL volumetric flask again to the top with
distilled water.
5.
Part 2 of the experiment involves the standardization of the Sodium hydroxide solution.
This step needs to be performed before titrating the vinegar solutions because the goal is
to obtain an exact concentration.
6.
Using tap water, rinse two burets carefully. Rinse the burets one more time with distilled
water.
7.
Rinse one of the burets with 5-mL of Sodium hydroxide solution.
8.
Now, set-up a buret and fill it with NaOH solution. Ensure that no air bubbles are present
at the tip and that the liquid level is stopped at the 0.00-mL mark.
9.
Rinse the second buret with the Oxalic acid and label both of the burets.
10. It is now time to complete the first titration known as the “scout titration.”
11. Transfer about 10-mL of the Oxalic acid solution placed in the burtet to a 125-mL
Erlenmeyer flask. Because water will not impact the amount of Oxalic acid, the flask
does not need to be dry.
12. Insert 2 drops of the phenolphthalein indicator solution into the flask.
13. Start titrating the Oxalic acid with Sodium hydroxide. Quickly add the base solution and
start mixing the solution, which could be done by swirling the flask. During the first 30
seconds of swirling the flask, a faint pink color should begin to appear. The goal is to
maintain the faintest shade of pink and not dark. Dark pink indicates that the solution has
been over-titrated.
Downloaded by Lawal Damilola (adebayodamilola9111@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|33566091
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
14. Reduce the addition of Sodium hydroxide until the drops are added individually and
mixed properly before adding the next drop.
15. The indication that the endpoint has approached occurs when a faint pink color consists
throughout the solution after being properly swirled. These results convey that the
solution is basic.
16. Record the final buret reading and repeat the titration.
17. Now that the standardization process is complete, the amount of acetic acid present in
vinegar can be determined.
18. Empty the buret with the Oxalic acid.
19. After rinsing the buret, fill it up with vinegar.
20. Using NaOH as the titrant, perform 2 titrations of acetic acid similar as part 2 of the
experiment. The only difference is that this time, we are using vinegar instead of Oxalic
acid.
21. Identify how much acetic acid is present in one sample of vinegar and perform all
required calculations.
Data Table:
The data table has been attached on an Excel spreadsheet in addition to the histogram.
Observations:
-
The solution was mixed by gently swirling the flask.
-
Titrations are performed by an acid and base and are colorless.
-
The more base was added, the more pink the solution became.
-
During the first 30 seconds of swirling, color change occurred as the colorless solution
became faint pink.
-
The color white, placed on the bottom of the flask, helped determine the change in color
of the solution.
-
The pH indicator was phenolphthalein.
-
No bubbles were formed on the top of the volumetric flask.
-
No change of smell occurred throughout; however, vinegar obtained a strong, sour odor.
-
The texture of the chemicals used are clear and smooth.
-
The acid and base solutions were colorless. Phenolphthalein was also colorless.
-
Gas was not produced in this experiment.
-
The light pink color indicates that the solution is a base.
-
The graduated cylinder and buret were clear and shiny.
Downloaded by Lawal Damilola (adebayodamilola9111@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|33566091
Calculations:
Downloaded by Lawal Damilola (adebayodamilola9111@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|33566091
Results:
The raw data for the experiment demonstrates that the concentration of the acetic acid present in
vinegar was 0.44 mol/L. Because the reactions of this experiment were neutralization reactions,
the moles of the acids were the same as the moles of the bases. All 3 trials were performed in
order to find the average mass of the acetic solution. These calculations also led through
uncertainty with the final answer as each trail increased the uncertainty percentage.
Discussion:
Throughout this experiment, the titration of vinegar was analyzed with a 0.1 M NAOH solution.
A series of 3 trials were conducted to result in a 50 % difference. The molar concentration of
acetic acid for the third trial was 0.8379 moles, differing slightly from the second trail. The
equivalence point in this experiment was met as the amount of moles for the acid were equal to
those of the base. The deviations in this experiment are systematic as the errors in the data were
caused by inaccurate measurements. One potential source of error in this experiment occurred
with the standard deviation as it was too high, resulting in different calculations for the
theoretical yield. This error could be prevented in the future by adding additional trials in order
to increase the accuracy of the results.
Conclusion:
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the amount of acetic acid present in vinegar.
This goal was achieved as the molarity of the Sodium hydroxide solution was measured to be
0.44 moles. Despite the results, this value was inaccurate due to the errors which occurred
throughout this experiment. Improvements that could be made to this lab in the future include not
adding too much base.
Downloaded by Lawal Damilola (adebayodamilola9111@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|33566091
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Related Documents
Related Questions
Data Collection
Kinetic Data Collection
Time, t (s)
Volume of added base (mL)
First addition
40
0.50
Second addition
101
1.00
Third addition
160
1.52
Fourth addition
224
1.99
Fifth addition
278
2.49
Sixth addition
334
3.01
Seventh additlon
389
3.48
Calculations
Concentration of NaOH stock solution:
0.01 M
Concentration of t-BuCl stock solution:
0.2 M
Volume of t-BuCl solution:
10 mL stock stock solution added to 25 mL acetone
Table view
List view
Kinetic Data
Volume of
Moles of Amount of
t-Bucl
(mol)
[-Buc]
In[-BuC
Time, t (s) added base added base
(mL)
(mol)
First
addition
40
0.50
Second
additlon
101
1.00
Third
addition
160
1.52
Fourth
addition
224
1.99
Flfth
additlon
278
2.49
Sixth
additlon
334
3.01
Seventh
addition
389
3.48
Use the data in the table above to plot In[t-BuC]]; vs time (s). Include labelled axis, a title, and a
linear trendline. Upload your plot here.
arrow_forward
How do I calculate this?
arrow_forward
30
arrow_forward
0.200 M
0.00200 M
Test Tube No.
[FESCN2*1std (M)
Absorbance
Fe(NO3)3 (mL)
KSCN (mL)
17.98
1.97
0.815
5 (Standard)
Edit
Edit
Edit
NG 1
Info
arrow_forward
Trial 1:
Initial pH= 3.92mL
Mass of KHP and Paper= 0.868g
Mass of paper= 0.357g
Mass of KHP= 0.511g
Trial 2:
Initial pH= 4.09ml
Mass of KHP and Paper= 0.870g
Mass of paper= 0.359g
Mass of KHP= 0.511g
1)Use Kb, the number of moles of C8H4O4^2- at the equivalence point, and the total volume at that point to calculate the pH for each sample at the equivalence point. Compare these calculated results with the experimental results.
arrow_forward
Calculate the volume of NaOH used in each trial. Use sig figs.
arrow_forward
I need help please!!
arrow_forward
Amax for Red 40
Solution number
1
2
3
4
Concentration
5x105m
2.5x105m
Concentration of Red 40 in Gatorade
Based on calibration curve, extinction coefficient for Red 40
Absorbance of Red 40 in Gatorade at max
Absorbance at max
1.2939.0
.637 5020am
1.25x105m.347 500.0mm
6.25x10m 190 soonm
So0nm
2.443
arrow_forward
Table 1. pH of water samples
Sample No.
Water Samples
pH
1
Tap water from household
6.59
2
Water from creek
7.35
3
Water from river
7.35
4
Unknown sample
7.00
Table 2. Absorbance of Samples
Table 3. Calibration Curve Data*
Sample No.
Absorbance
Absorbance
3-
Concentration of PO4
Ions, ppm
(1 pt each)
1
1.33
1.0
0.050
2
3.26
2.0
0.093
0.89
3.0
0.137
4
0.099
4.0
0.185
5.0
0.230
*Provided by the instructor
II. Graph
Determination of Phosphate Concentration
3-
1. Using Excel, plot the concentration of PO4* (x-axis) vs. absorbance (refer to Table 3) The olot
must show the equation of the best-fit (or trend) line of the graph. Attach the graph below
arrow_forward
Table 1. Data on EDTA Standardization
Weight of CaCO3 (g): 0.2003g
Trial
Volume of EDTA (mL)
Molarity of EDTA (M)
1
8.60
2
8.50
8.55
Average Molarity of EDTA (M)
arrow_forward
Hi, can you check my math? Can percent error be negative, if so what does that mean and how do I explain that for my results? These are calculations for Determining the ksp of Calcium Hydroxide Lab. Thanks!
arrow_forward
20,18,2,4,15,15,10
Using these data, construct a 80% confidence interval for the average net change in a student's score after completing the course. Assume the population is approximately normal.
Construct the 80% confidence interval. Round your answer to one decimal place.
arrow_forward
The protein content of the unknown samples were determined using BSA as standard. The
absorbance values of the standard solutions and samples are as follows.
BSA concentration (mg/mL)
Absorbance
0.000
20
0.110
40
0.192
60
0.248
80
0.325
100
0.400
120
0.460
a. What is the equation of the line?
b. Determine the protein concentration of samples in ug/mL.
Sample dilutions
1 in 14
A540
0.150
1 in 5
1 in 8
0.380
0.235
arrow_forward
find the true concentration of Fe²+ of the original sample.
A) 5.12 ppm
B) 2.56 ppm
C) 5.05 ppm
D) 2.52 ppm
arrow_forward
urses/
2951
2. A linear standard curve of KMnO4 is prepared from a set of standard solutions by plotting
absorbance (y) vs. concentration (x). Use Logger Pro (as described in the Data Analysis for this
experiment), or Google Sheets/Excel, to plot this standard curve using the data in Table 1. Help with
spreadsheets [PDF]
Table 1: Data for the standard curve of KMnO4
Absorbance Concentration (M)
0.372
6.00 x 10-4
0.298
0.223
0.149
0.0744
After plotting the standard curve, enter its slope below (not the equation of the line). Report your
answer to 3 significant figures. If your answer ends in one or more zeros, use scientific notation.
Slope =
4.80 x 10-4
3.60 x 10-4
2.40 x 10-4
1.20 x 10-4
M-1
M
3. Suppose that an unknown sample is analyzed spectrophotometrically at the same wavelength that
was used for the standard curve and the absorbance was found to be 0.186. Use the standard curve
to find the concentration of the unknown. Hint:
arrow_forward
Use the calibration curve or linear regression equation to determine the concentration of
FD&C blue dye No. 1 in Kool-aid.
Food Coloring is 0.026 M in FD&C blue dye No. 1
7.5 x 10 -5 M is 29 mL -> 1000 mL
arrow_forward
A purple solution is prepared by mixing 5.00 mL of the blue dye solution with 6.25 mL of red dye solution. The calibration curve for each color is provided.
Measurement
Result
Measurement
Blue dye stock solution (M)
Result
0.1944 M
Red dye stock solution (M)
0.2015 M
Absorbance at 630 nm
0.00697
0.00193
Absorbance at 500 nm
Calibration curve
Calibration curve
y=0.0682x
y=0.0170x
Part: 0 / 4
Part 1 of 4
Determine the theoretical molar concentration of each dye in the mixture. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
[Blue theoretical
= M
D
[Red theoretical
M
X
Part: 1/4
Part 2 of 4
Using the absorbance and calibration curve for each dye, calculate the experimental molar concentration of each dye in the mixture. Round your answer to
3 significant digits.
[Blue]
M
Submit A
Continue
© 2022 McGraw
I LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center
12
W
10
O
arrow_forward
The analysis of DDT in a water sample resulted to a peak area of 0.250. Calibration curve is NOT
prepared since standard solutions are limited. Therefore, a 1.00 ppm DDT standard is spiked in the
same water sample. This resulted to an increase in peak area. The peak area of the spiked sample is
now 0.315. What is the DDT concentration in the water sample?
3.75 ppm
3.85 ppm
5.09 ppm
1.43 ppm
1.65 ppm
Music off
Zoom in
arrow_forward
Determine concentration of OH- in a 0.724 M solution of Bro- (Kb = 4.0 × 10*).
PREV
1
2
3
Based on your ICE table and Kb expression, determine the concentration of OH-.
[OH] =
%3D
RESET
5.9 x 10-12
2.8
11.2
1.7 x 10-3
6.4
2.9 x 10-6
3.5 x 10-5
arrow_forward
Measured value of pH at equivalence point: 8.18
Measured value of pH half-way to equivalence point: 4.04
Experimental value of Ka for acetic acid:
Literature value of Ka for acetic acid, from lab manual/textbook:
Experimental value of pKa for acetic acid:
Literature value of pKa for acetic acid, from lab manual/textbook:
Discuss how you experimental values compare to the values in the laboratory manual or text book used in the accompanying general chemistry lecture course.
Given the information above, how do you solve for the bolded items?
arrow_forward
Table 1.0 of data showing calibration standards prepared by dilution and the absorbance
Concentration CuSO4 (M) Volume of 0.5M (ml) Volume of D/Water (ml) Absorbance
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
II.
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
1. Construct a graph of concentration against absorbance, clearly show a best fit line.
Find regression of your graph. Show how
0.000
0.406
0.638
0.854
1.202
1.276
arrow_forward
A sample of explosives residue is dissolved in an appropriate
solvent and is injected into HPLC. The column contains a non-
polar stationary phase.
The sample revealed three chemical compounds that are
commonly present in homemade explosives.
ТAТP
DADP
HMTD
1
2 3
4
5 6
7 8
Retention time (minutes)
a) determine the retention time of TATP.
b) which one elute first :DADP,TATP or HMTD?
c) State and explain which compound is most polar.
d) If you are investigating this terrorist attacks, state one way
in which the information in the chromatogram would be useful.
arrow_forward
concentration of unknown yellow dye (uM)
arrow_forward
لا
© Macmillan Learning
H
H-C-OH
H₂/Pt
HO-C-H
$
%
do LO
5
H₂C-OH
OCT
11
<6
Y
MacBook Pro
Resources
Q2Q
Erase
Select
Draw Templates More
/// C 0 H
G
c
2Q
&
*
(
7
8
9
0
)
U
0
P
SUD
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you

Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781259911156
Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305577213
Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078021558
Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781118431221
Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:WILEY
Related Questions
- Data Collection Kinetic Data Collection Time, t (s) Volume of added base (mL) First addition 40 0.50 Second addition 101 1.00 Third addition 160 1.52 Fourth addition 224 1.99 Fifth addition 278 2.49 Sixth addition 334 3.01 Seventh additlon 389 3.48 Calculations Concentration of NaOH stock solution: 0.01 M Concentration of t-BuCl stock solution: 0.2 M Volume of t-BuCl solution: 10 mL stock stock solution added to 25 mL acetone Table view List view Kinetic Data Volume of Moles of Amount of t-Bucl (mol) [-Buc] In[-BuC Time, t (s) added base added base (mL) (mol) First addition 40 0.50 Second additlon 101 1.00 Third addition 160 1.52 Fourth addition 224 1.99 Flfth additlon 278 2.49 Sixth additlon 334 3.01 Seventh addition 389 3.48 Use the data in the table above to plot In[t-BuC]]; vs time (s). Include labelled axis, a title, and a linear trendline. Upload your plot here.arrow_forwardHow do I calculate this?arrow_forward30arrow_forward
- 0.200 M 0.00200 M Test Tube No. [FESCN2*1std (M) Absorbance Fe(NO3)3 (mL) KSCN (mL) 17.98 1.97 0.815 5 (Standard) Edit Edit Edit NG 1 Infoarrow_forwardTrial 1: Initial pH= 3.92mL Mass of KHP and Paper= 0.868g Mass of paper= 0.357g Mass of KHP= 0.511g Trial 2: Initial pH= 4.09ml Mass of KHP and Paper= 0.870g Mass of paper= 0.359g Mass of KHP= 0.511g 1)Use Kb, the number of moles of C8H4O4^2- at the equivalence point, and the total volume at that point to calculate the pH for each sample at the equivalence point. Compare these calculated results with the experimental results.arrow_forwardCalculate the volume of NaOH used in each trial. Use sig figs.arrow_forward
- I need help please!!arrow_forwardAmax for Red 40 Solution number 1 2 3 4 Concentration 5x105m 2.5x105m Concentration of Red 40 in Gatorade Based on calibration curve, extinction coefficient for Red 40 Absorbance of Red 40 in Gatorade at max Absorbance at max 1.2939.0 .637 5020am 1.25x105m.347 500.0mm 6.25x10m 190 soonm So0nm 2.443arrow_forwardTable 1. pH of water samples Sample No. Water Samples pH 1 Tap water from household 6.59 2 Water from creek 7.35 3 Water from river 7.35 4 Unknown sample 7.00 Table 2. Absorbance of Samples Table 3. Calibration Curve Data* Sample No. Absorbance Absorbance 3- Concentration of PO4 Ions, ppm (1 pt each) 1 1.33 1.0 0.050 2 3.26 2.0 0.093 0.89 3.0 0.137 4 0.099 4.0 0.185 5.0 0.230 *Provided by the instructor II. Graph Determination of Phosphate Concentration 3- 1. Using Excel, plot the concentration of PO4* (x-axis) vs. absorbance (refer to Table 3) The olot must show the equation of the best-fit (or trend) line of the graph. Attach the graph belowarrow_forward
- Table 1. Data on EDTA Standardization Weight of CaCO3 (g): 0.2003g Trial Volume of EDTA (mL) Molarity of EDTA (M) 1 8.60 2 8.50 8.55 Average Molarity of EDTA (M)arrow_forwardHi, can you check my math? Can percent error be negative, if so what does that mean and how do I explain that for my results? These are calculations for Determining the ksp of Calcium Hydroxide Lab. Thanks!arrow_forward20,18,2,4,15,15,10 Using these data, construct a 80% confidence interval for the average net change in a student's score after completing the course. Assume the population is approximately normal. Construct the 80% confidence interval. Round your answer to one decimal place.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY

Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781259911156
Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305577213
Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078021558
Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781118431221
Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:WILEY