titration-of-vinegar-lab-report

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Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Titration of Vinegar Lab Report General Chemistry Lab II (George Mason University) Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Titration of Vinegar Lab Report General Chemistry Lab II (George Mason University) Downloaded by Lawal Damilola (adebayodamilola9111@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|33566091
Chem 213-219 Date: 10/19/2020 Experiment 007: The Titration of Vinegar References: Suzanne Slayden, 2018, Chemistry 213, 214, 272 Laboratory Experiments, 7th Edition, pages 19-23. George Mason University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Name of the Lab Video; 2020. The Titration of Vinegar, Distance Learning Fall 2020, accessed via Blackboard. Purpose: A common household item, vinegar, contains acetic-acid in addition to other chemicals. The purpose of this experiment is to identify the amount of acetic acid present in vinegar, which is essentially an acetic-acid solution. This will be accomplished by titrating the solution with a standard base, Sodium hydroxide. The anticipated outcome of this experiment is that as the base, Sodium hydroxide, is added to the acetic-acid, the result will yield a neutralization reaction. Additionally, the amount of moles processed to neutralize the acetic-acid solution in Sodium hydroxide must be the same number of moles determined in vinegar. Materials: - 10-mL of vinegar - Sodium hydroxide solution - Oxalic acid - 10-mL graduated cylinder - Electronic balance - Distilled water - Phenolphthalein indicator - 250-mL erlenmeyer flask - Burrett - Retort stand - Funnel - Pipette - 100-mL volumetric flask - White piece of paper (this will help distinguish the color change throughout the experiment) - Gloves - Goggles Downloaded by Lawal Damilola (adebayodamilola9111@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|33566091
- Beaker Procedure: Before the experiment begins, it is important to take caution when handling Oxalic acid due to its corrosiveness. 1. Initially, place Oxalic acid dihydrate crystals onto a weight boat in order to measure its weight in grams. Tare the electronic balance and place the weight boat onto the scale and record its weight. 2. After obtaining a measurement of 3 grams, insert all of the weighed crystals into a 100-mL volumetric flask. Make sure that the flask is dry and clean before placing the crystals. 3. Next, add 50-75 mL of distilled water and carefully mix the solution by swirling the flask. (While waiting for the crystals to dissolve, you can save time by preparing the Sodium hydroxide solution, which will be used for Part 2 of this lab.) 4. While the crystals are dissolving, fill the 100-mL volumetric flask again to the top with distilled water. 5. Part 2 of the experiment involves the standardization of the Sodium hydroxide solution. This step needs to be performed before titrating the vinegar solutions because the goal is to obtain an exact concentration. 6. Using tap water, rinse two burets carefully. Rinse the burets one more time with distilled water. 7. Rinse one of the burets with 5-mL of Sodium hydroxide solution. 8. Now, set-up a buret and fill it with NaOH solution. Ensure that no air bubbles are present at the tip and that the liquid level is stopped at the 0.00-mL mark. 9. Rinse the second buret with the Oxalic acid and label both of the burets. 10. It is now time to complete the first titration known as the “scout titration.” 11. Transfer about 10-mL of the Oxalic acid solution placed in the burtet to a 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Because water will not impact the amount of Oxalic acid, the flask does not need to be dry. 12. Insert 2 drops of the phenolphthalein indicator solution into the flask. 13. Start titrating the Oxalic acid with Sodium hydroxide. Quickly add the base solution and start mixing the solution, which could be done by swirling the flask. During the first 30 seconds of swirling the flask, a faint pink color should begin to appear. The goal is to maintain the faintest shade of pink and not dark. Dark pink indicates that the solution has been over-titrated. Downloaded by Lawal Damilola (adebayodamilola9111@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|33566091
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14. Reduce the addition of Sodium hydroxide until the drops are added individually and mixed properly before adding the next drop. 15. The indication that the endpoint has approached occurs when a faint pink color consists throughout the solution after being properly swirled. These results convey that the solution is basic. 16. Record the final buret reading and repeat the titration. 17. Now that the standardization process is complete, the amount of acetic acid present in vinegar can be determined. 18. Empty the buret with the Oxalic acid. 19. After rinsing the buret, fill it up with vinegar. 20. Using NaOH as the titrant, perform 2 titrations of acetic acid similar as part 2 of the experiment. The only difference is that this time, we are using vinegar instead of Oxalic acid. 21. Identify how much acetic acid is present in one sample of vinegar and perform all required calculations. Data Table: The data table has been attached on an Excel spreadsheet in addition to the histogram. Observations: - The solution was mixed by gently swirling the flask. - Titrations are performed by an acid and base and are colorless. - The more base was added, the more pink the solution became. - During the first 30 seconds of swirling, color change occurred as the colorless solution became faint pink. - The color white, placed on the bottom of the flask, helped determine the change in color of the solution. - The pH indicator was phenolphthalein. - No bubbles were formed on the top of the volumetric flask. - No change of smell occurred throughout; however, vinegar obtained a strong, sour odor. - The texture of the chemicals used are clear and smooth. - The acid and base solutions were colorless. Phenolphthalein was also colorless. - Gas was not produced in this experiment. - The light pink color indicates that the solution is a base. - The graduated cylinder and buret were clear and shiny. Downloaded by Lawal Damilola (adebayodamilola9111@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|33566091
Calculations: Downloaded by Lawal Damilola (adebayodamilola9111@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|33566091
Results: The raw data for the experiment demonstrates that the concentration of the acetic acid present in vinegar was 0.44 mol/L. Because the reactions of this experiment were neutralization reactions, the moles of the acids were the same as the moles of the bases. All 3 trials were performed in order to find the average mass of the acetic solution. These calculations also led through uncertainty with the final answer as each trail increased the uncertainty percentage. Discussion: Throughout this experiment, the titration of vinegar was analyzed with a 0.1 M NAOH solution. A series of 3 trials were conducted to result in a 50 % difference. The molar concentration of acetic acid for the third trial was 0.8379 moles, differing slightly from the second trail. The equivalence point in this experiment was met as the amount of moles for the acid were equal to those of the base. The deviations in this experiment are systematic as the errors in the data were caused by inaccurate measurements. One potential source of error in this experiment occurred with the standard deviation as it was too high, resulting in different calculations for the theoretical yield. This error could be prevented in the future by adding additional trials in order to increase the accuracy of the results. Conclusion: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the amount of acetic acid present in vinegar. This goal was achieved as the molarity of the Sodium hydroxide solution was measured to be 0.44 moles. Despite the results, this value was inaccurate due to the errors which occurred throughout this experiment. Improvements that could be made to this lab in the future include not adding too much base. Downloaded by Lawal Damilola (adebayodamilola9111@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|33566091
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