project outline inorganic chem

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CHEM 312 SP21 Term Project Outline, Due 3/10/21 NAME: Provide key bullet points regarding information to be included in your term paper. You will not be required to stick to this outline, but it serves as your opportunity to receive feedback from us. You may attach extra sheets of paper if desired. Topic: Lithium batteries 1. Introduction. Explain why the topic is important or interesting. ● As compared to lead-acid battery counterparts, lithium-ion batteries last a lot longer and so are much more commonly used in every-day devices ○ Includes cell-phones and other personal devices, toothbrushes, hoverboards, and even solar power storage ● Because their uses are so incredibly widespread and are used by nearly everyone on the planet, it’s important to understand how they work, their potential dangers and environmental/economic impact, and the research surrounding their improvement ○ Automation is becoming increasingly more common in all facets of life, indicating that demand for these batteries is only going to grow from here and their eﬃciency is extremely important 2. Background. Provide key physical and chemical data relevant to your discussion. ● In order for a lithium-ion battery to charge/discharge, lithium ions must migrate across the electrolyte between the anode and the cathode ● Redox reactions involving anionic ligands bound to the Li metal are what in part allow this to occur -- usually has six-fold coordination with oxygen anions/other ligands ● The electronegativity of the ligands is very heavily taken into consideration because it has a significant impact on electron transfer within the battery cell https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702115003181

3. Current Research. Describe several active areas of research that are pertinent to your topic. You may want to create subsections for one that contains questions the work addressed, experimental and/or theoretical techniques used, and the results and conclusions of the studies. Safety ● Solid-state polymer electrolytes are not as ﬂammable, more stable and ﬂexible, and have garnered lots of attention ● Evaluated polycarbonate, polysiloxane and plastic crystal electrolytes using rigorous testing to see what the batteries could withstand ● Found that although they are safer, they still suffer from lower conductivity -- are less eﬃcient, posing a diﬃcult trade-off between the two Optimal ligands to use for sustainability ● Experimenting with different categories of ligands (1d vs 3d) on lithium ion batteries to see how performance is inﬂuenced ● Do so by charging/discharging the battery hundreds of times and measuring its capacity ● Found that electrochemical performance is enhanced by using 1d organic ligands and that there was increased stability 4. Conclusion & Future Outlook. Give your outlook on the future of the field/area of study. You may not have this figured out yet...that is fine, you can just write “TBD” in that case. Somewhat TBD! ● On one hand a lot is being done to try and improve the safety of/mitigate the environmental damage done by lithium batteries ○ Substantial progress is being made in this field ● On the other hand a lot of money and attention is being invested into developing cheaper/more sustainable/safer alternatives to lithium ion batteries ○ Scientists have made several promising breakthroughs in these fields ● While lithium ion batteries will remain highly prevalent for now, it’s uncertain whether competitive alternatives will phase them out in the near future

5. References. List any key papers you have read thus far, and/or those that you are planning to read. Figure 1: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/19/5117 https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/4/1/7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00450 -- nankai university https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms2518 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405829716301349?casa_token=k PDx2dPsIxgAAAAA:hur94OC8bCdROa84PiIXXj0J_xv1FG28hKheJP4GA9R4R1EjTB4Z Q586M6X5gXKPIbBo2qQNcYk https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2018.00066/full

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