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31

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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Lawal1 Jumain Lawal Adebayo CHM 31 (Organic Chemistry 1) Lab report 5: Banana Oil Professor Sunej Hans December 5, 2023 Lab Report 5: Banana Oil Objective The goal of this experiment is to use acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol to undergo Fischer esterification in order to produce isopentyl acetate, or banana oil. Introduction Isopentyl acetate, or banana oil, is a sweet-smelling liquid ester that is used to enhance particular aromas, draw in animals, and artificially flavor fruit. Among many other simple esters, isopentyl acetate is one that usually has a nice scent. The aim of this experiment is to synthesize isopentyl acetate by means of an esterification reaction involving isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid. The reaction will be catalyzed by concentrated sulfuric acid and will be achieved by refluxing and simple distillation. In order to create the ester and water, esterification entails the creation of esters from alcohol and carboxylic acids. To create the ester, the carboxyl group must first be protonated, then the hydroxyl must be nucleophilic attacked, proton transfer must occur, water must be lost, and catalytic acid must be lost. A thermodynamically controlled process yields the most stable ester product. Once the final liquid product was obtained through these procedures, the percent yield was computed using the experiment's data gain and infrared spectroscopy, or IR, to verify the identity of the final product.
Lawal2 Reaction Scheme Data & Analysis Percentage yield of reaction = Actual yield / Theoretical yield x 100% Theoretical Yield Actual Yield Percent Yield Temperature of Completed Value Literature Boiling Point 5.9907g 2.224g 37.12% 144°C 142°C - 145°C
Lawal3
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Lawal5 Discussion & Conclusion This experiment's initial phase was weighing an empty graduated cylinder, which came in at 36.392 grams, and then measuring the weight of 5.0 milliliters of isopentyl alcohol, which came in at 40.4282 grams. This indicates that the weight of the contents is 4.0562 grams. In order to determine the theoretical yield and the percent yield, the content weight of 4.0562 grams was divided by the molecular weight of isopentyl alcohol 88.148g/mol and multiplied by the molecular weight of isopentyl acetate 130.19g/mol. The completed value of isopentyl acetate was determined to have a boiling point of 144°C during the experiment. This result is accurate when compared to the boiling point of this compound reported in the literature. The theoretical value of 5.9907g was determined by this computation. Next, the actual yield of the product, which was 2.224 grams, is divided by the theoretical yield, which was 5.9907 grams, and multiplied by 100% to determine the percent yield. 37.12% was the computed percent yield. The actual yield of the experiment is smaller than the predicted yield, which explains why the percent yield is not quite 100%. Once we had our product, the liquid was subjected to infrared spectroscopy, to identify the chemical species and ascertain the functional groups in the molecules of the product that the synthesis had produced. The first peak at 2947.95 on the isopentyl acetate (banana oil) infrared graph was found to have a medium stretching and a carbon-hydrogen bonding, indicating that it is an alkane. The second peak, located at 1742.47, is an aldehyde due to its strong stretching peaks and carbon=oxygen double bond. In contrast, the first peak at 3336.99 on the isopentyl alcohol graph is a broad, strong peak that has an oxygen-hydrogen bond, indicating that it is alcohol. This result was expected since the IR product showed that the ester graph had a peak at
Lawal6 1742.47 and that the alcohol graph had no peak at 3336.99. The ester graph is the first graph, and the alcohol graph is the second with the broad peak.
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