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4070
Subject
Chemistry
Date
Jan 9, 2024
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Assignment #2
Answer all questions. The assignment must be type written in Microsoft Word and
submit in PDF format. You must show steps and calculations to justify your answers. If
the TAs cannot follow your step/rationale, they will not be able to give you the points
when grading the assignment.
Question 1
An extruded snack product (225 g dry weight) is packaged in a flexible pouch with lay-
flat dimensions of 21 cm x 34 cm. The initial moisture content of the product is 1.5%
(w/w). The package is nitrogen-flushed prior to sealing with the product and stored at
20°C and 60% RH. The moisture sorption isotherm of the product can be described by
the GAB equation:
? =
17.875?
!
(1 − 1.1?
!
)(1 − 1.1?
!
+ 7.15?
!
)
1.
(i) A metalized BOPP film (H
2
O permeability: 35 g.
μ
m /m
2
.d.kPa) is used for
packaging the product. If the product has a critical moisture content of 4.2%
(w/w), determine the thickness of the metalized BOPP film required to achieve a
target shelf-life of 120 d. Show calculation and include a screen shot of the
moisture sorption isotherm show the information used for solving the problem.
(20%)
2.
(ii) The product is susceptible to oxidative rancidity with a critical oxygen content
of 1.0 mL/g (dry basis). Determine if the metalized BOPP film, at the thickness
determined from part (i), is suitable for packaging the product. The O
2
permeability of the film is 6,600 mL.
μ
m/m
2
.d.atm. Show steps of calculation.
(10%)
3.
(iii) To extend the product shelf-life, the brand owner wishes to experiment with a
3-layer composite film made of a nylon core layer (15
μ
m) and two outer PP
layers (60
μ
m each), with the following barrier properties:
H
2
O
Nylon permeability: 898 g.
μ
m/m
2
.d.kPa
PP permeability: 60 g.
μ
m/m
2
.d.kPa
O
2
Would you recommend the use of the composite film? Justify your answer
using calculations. (20%)
Nylon permeability: 110 mL.
μ
m/m
2
.d.atm
PP O
2
permeability: 350,000 mL.
μ
m/m
2
.d.atm
1
4.
(iv) If the product were to be stored in an environment of higher humidity at 80%
RH level, how would this affect your answers in part (iii) (20%)
5.
(v) Without changing the polymers of the packaging film, what modifications to
the package and/or product can be done to extend the shelf-life? List as many
approaches as you can think of. (10%)
Question 2
A plastic bag made of LDPE film, with a total surface area of 0.03 m
2
, is to be used for
modified headspace packaging of a tropical fruit. At 20
o
C, the fruit has a respiration rate
described by Ro = 92 x [O
2
], where Ro is rate of O
2
consumption rate (mL/kg.h) and [O
2
]
is oxygen concentration (in fraction).
(i) At 10
o
C, the O
2
and CO
2
permeability values of the LDPE film are 110 and 366
mL.mil/m
2
.h.atm, respectively. If the activation energy values of the film for O
2
and CO
2
permeation are 30.0 and 32.0 kJ/mol, respectively, calculate O
2
and CO
2
permeability at
20
o
C. (10%)
(ii) If the LDPE film has a thickness of 1.0 mil, determine the weight (kg) of the fruit that
should be packed in order to achieve equilibrium O
2
and CO
2
headspace concentrations
of 2 and 6%, respectively, assuming the respiration quotient (RQ) of the fruit is 1.0 at
20
o
C. (15%)
(iii) During transportation, the packaged product was exposed to an elevated
temperature at 30
o
C. Due to the thermal abuse, the oxygen consumption rate of the fruit
change to Ro = 200 x [O
2
] and the RQ = 3.0. Determine the new equilibrium headspace
O
2
and CO
2
concentrations (15%)
(iv) Discuss the potential impacts to the product shelf-life due to the increase in
temperature. Propose packaging innovations to address the issues. (10%)
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